জলমণ্ডল

জলমণ্ডল (গ্ৰীক শব্দ: হাইড্ৰ’, “জল” আৰু স্পাইৰা, “মণ্ডল”) হৈছে ভূ-পৃষ্ঠত থকা সকলো সাগৰ-মহাসাগৰ, হ্ৰদ, নদ-নদী, ভূ-জল, অন্যান্য জলৰাশি, জলীয় বাষ্প আনকি গোটা অৱস্থাত থকা বৰফ, এই আটাইবোৰক একেলগে জলমণ্ডল বোলে। জলমণ্ডলে পৃথিৱীৰ পৃষ্ঠৰ প্ৰায় ৭১ শতাংশ ঠাই আগুৰি আছে। পৃথিৱীৰ জলমণ্ডল প্ৰায় ৪ বিলিয়ন বছৰ ধৰি বৰ্তি আছে। মহাদেশীয় বিস্থাপন আৰু সমুদ্ৰতল প্ৰসাৰণৰ বাবে ইয়াৰ আকৃতি সঘনাই সলনি হৈ থাকে। বিশেষকৈ গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে বৰ্তমান পৃথিবীৰ জলমণ্ডলৰ আকৃতি দ্ৰুত গতিত পৰিবৰ্তন হ’বলৈ ধৰিছে।

তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ

↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, 'Hydrosphere': https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrosphere/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-hydrosphere
↑ Albarède, Francis; Blichert-Toft, Janne (November 2007). "The split fate of the early Earth, Mars, Venus, and Moon". Comptes Rendus Geoscience খণ্ড 339 (14–15): 917–927. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2007.09.006. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631071307002593#!। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: March 26, 2020. "High d18O in ~4.4-Ga old zircons from Jack Hills (western Australia) strongly indicates the presence of material altered under low-or medium-temperature hydrous conditions in the source of their parent granites and is considered as strong evidence for the early presence of a hydrosphere".
↑ "Our Changing Planet: an Introduction to Earth System Science and Global Environmental Change." Our Changing Planet: an Introduction to Earth System Science and Global Environmental Change, by Fred T. Mackenzie, 2nd ed., Pearson Education, 2011, pp. 88–91.
↑ "How climate change is accelerating sea level rise.". https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-climate-change-is-accelerating-sea-level-rise। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 January 2022.

[1] Encyclopædia Britannica, 'Hydrosphere': https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrosphere/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-hydrosphere

[2] Albarède, Francis; Blichert-Toft, Janne (November 2007). "The split fate of the early Earth, Mars, Venus, and Moon". Comptes Rendus Geoscience খণ্ড 339 (14–15): 917–927. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2007.09.006. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631071307002593#!। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: March 26, 2020. "High d18O in ~4.4-Ga old zircons from Jack Hills (western Australia) strongly indicates the presence of material altered under low-or medium-temperature hydrous conditions in the source of their parent granites and is considered as strong evidence for the early presence of a hydrosphere".

[Our_Changing_Planet_2011,_pp._88-3] "Our Changing Planet: an Introduction to Earth System Science and Global Environmental Change." Our Changing Planet: an Introduction to Earth System Science and Global Environmental Change, by Fred T. Mackenzie, 2nd ed., Pearson Education, 2011, pp. 88–91.

[How_climate_change_is_accelerating_sea_level_rise-4] "How climate change is accelerating sea level rise.". https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-climate-change-is-accelerating-sea-level-rise। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 January 2022.