सुरुज

सुरुज

Sun with sunspots and limb darkening as seen in visible light with solar filter.
Observation data
Mean distance from Earth	1 au ≈ 7011149600000000000♠1.496×108 km 8 min 19 s at light speed
Visual brightness (V)	−26.74
Absolute magnitude	4.83
Spectral classification	G2V
Metallicity	Z = 0.0122
Angular size	31.6–32.7 minutes of arc
Adjectives	Solar
Orbital characteristics
Mean distance from Milky Way core	≈ 7020270000000000000♠2.7×1017 km 7004272000000000000♠27,200 light-years
Galactic period	(2.25–2.50)×108 yr
Velocity	≈ 7005220000000000000♠220 किमी/से (orbit around the center of the Milky Way) ≈ 7004200000000000000♠20 किमी/से (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood) ≈ 7005370000000000000♠370 किमी/से (relative to the cosmic microwave background)
Physical characteristics
Equatorial radius	695,700 km, 696,392 km 7002109000000000000♠109 × Earth
Equatorial circumference	7009437900000000000♠4.379×106 km 109 × Earth
Flattening	6994900000000000000♠9×10−6
Surface area	7018609000000000000♠6.09×1012 km2 7004120000000000000♠12,000 × Earth
Volume	7027141000000000000♠1.41×1018 km3 7006130000000000000♠1,300,000 × Earth
Mass	7030198855000000000♠(1.98855±0.00025)×1030 किg 7005333000000000000♠333,000 × Earth
Average density	7003140800000000000♠1.408 g/cm3 6999255000000000000♠0.255 × Earth
Center density (modeled)	7005162200000000000♠162.2 g/cm3 7001124000000000000♠12.4 × Earth
Equatorial surface gravity	7002274000000000000♠274.0 m/s2 7001279400000000000♠27.94 g 7004275422900000000♠27,542.29 cgs 28 × Earth
Moment of inertia factor	6998700000000000000♠0.070 (estimate)
Escape velocity (from the surface)	7005617700000000000♠617.7 किमी/से 55 × Earth
Temperature	Center (modeled): 7007157000000000000♠1.57×107 K Photosphere (effective): 7003577200000000000♠5,772 K Corona: ≈ 7006500000000000000♠5×106 K
Luminosity (Lsol)	7026382800000000000♠3.828×1026 वाट ≈ 7028375000000000000♠3.75×1028 lm ≈ 7001980000000000000♠98 lm/W efficacy
Mean radiance (Isol)	7007200900000000000♠2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1
Age	≈ 4.6 billion years
Rotation characteristics
Obliquity	7.25° (to the ecliptic) 67.23° (to the galactic plane)
Right ascension of North pole	286.13° 19 h 4 min 30 s
Declination of North pole	+63.87° 63° 52' North
Sidereal rotation period (at equator)	25.05 d
(at 16° latitude)	25.38 d 25 d 9 h 7 min 12 s
(at poles)	34.4 d
Rotation velocity (at equator)	7003199694444444444♠7.189×103 किमी/घं
Photospheric composition (by mass)
Hydrogen	73.46%
Helium	24.85%
Oxygen	0.77%
Carbon	0.29%
Iron	0.16%
Neon	0.12%
Nitrogen	0.09%
Silicon	0.07%
Magnesium	0.05%
Sulfur	0.04%

सूर्य (प्रतीक: ; Sun) एगो अंजोरा करे वाला तारा हवे जेवन सौरमंडल के केन्द्र में स्थित बा आ जेकरी चारो ओर हमनी क पृथ्वी आ सौरमंडल क बाकी ग्रह चक्कर लगावेलन।

भूगर्भहोखे वाला कुछ घटना के छोड़ दिहल जाय तऽ, पृथ्वी पऽ होखे वाला लगभग मय घटना सूर्य के अंजोर के ऊर्जा से संचालित होला।

सूर्य के अंजोरा से दिन होला आ सूर्य के अंजोरा से मय ग्रह अंजोर होलें। सूर्य के घाम से ऊर्जा के प्रकाश संश्लेषण की क्रिया द्वारा पेड़-पौधा भोजन (रासायनिक ऊर्जा) में बदल देलन जेवना क इस्तेमाल बाकी जीवजन्तु आहार श्रृंखला में एक दूसरा के खा के करेलन। आज हमनी क जेतना जीवाश्म ईंधन जइसे कि कोइला, पेट्रोल, पेट्रोलियम गैस वगैरह क प्रयोग ऊर्जा प्राप्त करे खातिर करत बानी जा ई कुल सौर ऊर्जा क रूप हवे, एइसन सौर ऊर्जा जवन इतिहास में बहुत पहिले पेड़-पौधन द्वारा प्रकाश संश्लेषण के बिधि से रासायनिक ऊर्जा में बदल दिहल गइल रहे आ अब भंडार के रूप में संरक्षित बा।

इहो देखल जाय

• सौर मंडल
• सौर ऊर्जा

ई खगोलिकी-संबंधित लेख एगो आधार बाटे। जानकारी जोड़ के एकरा के बढ़ावे में विकिपीडिया के मदद करीं।

1. ↑ ^{1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15} Williams, D. R. (1 July 2013). "Sun Fact Sheet". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 12 अगस्त 2013.
2. ↑ Zombeck, Martin V. (1990). Handbook of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
3. ↑ Asplund, M.; Grevesse, N.; Sauval, A. J. (2006). "The new solar abundances – Part I: the observations". Communications in Asteroseismology. 147: 76–79. Bibcode:2006CoAst.147...76A. doi:10.1553/cia147s76.
4. ↑ "Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions". NASA. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 24 अक्टूबर 2010.
5. ↑ Hinshaw, G.; et al. (2009). "Five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations: data processing, sky maps, and basic results". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 180 (2): 225–245. arXiv:0803.0732. Bibcode:2009ApJS..180..225H. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/180/2/225.
6. ↑ Mamajek, E.E.; Prsa, A.; Torres, G.; et, al. (2015), "IAU 2015 Resolution B3 on Recommended Nominal Conversion Constants for Selected Solar and Planetary Properties" {{cite arxiv}}: |arxiv= required (help)
7. ↑ Emilio, Marcelo; Kuhn, Jeff R.; Bush, Rock I.; Scholl, Isabelle F. (2012), "Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits", The Astrophysical Journal, 750 (2): 135, arXiv:1203.4898, Bibcode:2012ApJ...750..135E, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/135
8. ↑ ^{8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11} "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures". NASA. Archived from the original on 2 January 2008.
9. ↑ Ko, M. (1999). Elert, G. (ed.). "Density of the Sun". The Physics Factbook.
10. ↑ Bonanno, A.; Schlattl, H.; Paternò, L. (2008). "The age of the Sun and the relativistic corrections in the EOS". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 390 (3): 1115–1118. arXiv:astro-ph/0204331. Bibcode:2002A&A...390.1115B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020749. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
11. ↑ Connelly, JN; Bizzarro, M; Krot, AN; Nordlund, Å; Wielandt, D; Ivanova, MA (2 November 2012). "The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk". Science. 338 (6107): 651–655. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..651C. doi:10.1126/science.1226919. PMID 23118187. Retrieved 17 मार्च 2014.(registration required)
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1} Seidelmann, P. K.; et al. (2000). "Report Of The IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates And Rotational Elements Of The Planets And Satellites: 2000". Archived from the original on 2018-10-31. Retrieved 22 मार्च 2006.
13. ↑ "The Sun's Vital Statistics". Stanford Solar Center. Retrieved 29 July 2008. Citing Eddy, J. (1979). A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab. NASA. p. 37. NASA SP-402. Archived from the original on 2021-07-30. Retrieved 2018-03-18.