Help:IPA/Alemannic German

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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Alemannic German on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Alemannic German in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Shortcut H:IPA-GSW

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Alemannic German

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swabian, Low Alemannic, High Alemannic and Highest Alemannic German pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Notes:

• No Alemannic dialect uses all of the sounds described in this guide.
• Each example word is tagged with the name of the dialect from which it comes.
• The majority of the example words are from the Zurich dialect.
• Most Alemannic dialects are not written very often, and thus do not have official spellings. For the sake of consistency, this guide uses the Swiss German spelling convention proposed by Dieth & Schmid-Cadalbert (1986).

See Bernese German phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of one of the Alemannic dialects.

Consonants IPA Examples Closest equivalent b̥ Huube 'bonnet' (ZH) bare ç Kicha 'kitchen' (Upper Swabian) hew d̥ Lade 'store' (ZH) dart f offe 'open' (VS) foot fː offe 'open' (BE) staff function ɡ̊ haage 'fence in' (ZH) go ɣ̊ mache 'to make' (ZH) Scottish loch ʁ̥ mache 'to make' (ZH) h Hand 'hand' (ZH) hat j Jaar 'year' (ZH) you k Egge 'edge' (BS) scan kː Egge 'edge' (BE) scan kʰ Kind 'child' (BS) cone kx hocke 'sit' (ZH) Broad cockney cake qχ hocke 'sit' (ZH) l maale 'to paint' (ZH) lover lː Müller 'miller' (ZH) real life ɫ Wält 'world' (Saanenland) build ɫː alli 'all' (Saanenland) real life m zaame 'tame' (ZH) mood mː Hammer 'hammer' (BE) film-maker n zaane 'to teethe' (ZH) noon nː Sunne 'sun' (BE) cleanness ŋ Zange 'pliers' (ZH) ring ŋː Zange 'pliers' (BE) ring, but longer p huupe 'to hoot' (BS) span pː öppe 'around' (BE) span pʰ Pack 'parcel' (ZH) pole pf Soipfe 'soap' (ZH) cupfull r faare 'to drive' (ZH) American water rː cheerren 'to sweep' (Haslital) Italian burro ʀ faare 'to drive' (ZH) French frere or Northumbrian burr ʁ faare 'to drive' (ZH) ʁ̥ besser 'better' (BS) Scottish loch ʕ ändard 'changes' (SWG) RP ahead, but with pharynx constricted s hasse 'to hate' (VS) soon sː hasse 'to hate' (BE) class size ʃ tüüsche 'to exchange' (VS) ship ʃː Äsche 'ash' (BE) cash shortage t Latte 'lath' (BS) stand tː Latte 'lath' (BE) stand tʰ Thee 'tea' (ZH) too ts butze 'to clean' (ZH) cats tʃ tätsche 'to clap' (ZH) chip v̥ Ofe 'oven' (ZH) foot ʋ Wand 'wall' (ZH) between wine and vine ʋː niww 'new' (Haslital) between wine and vine w Giel 'boy' (BE) wine wː Balle 'ball' (BE) roughly like bowwow x Chatz 'cat' (Simmental) Scottish loch xː lache 'to laugh' (Simmental) Scottish loch, but longer χ Chatz 'cat' (BE) Scottish loch χː lache 'to laugh' (BE) Scottish loch, but longer z̥ Hase 'hares' (ZH) soon ʒ̊ nuusche 'to rummage' (ZH) ship

Vowels IPA Examples Closest equivalent a Affe 'apes' (SG) art aː schlaaffe 'to sleep' (SG) father ɑ Affe 'apes' (BE) art ɑː schlaaffe 'to sleep' (BE) father ɒ Mane 'men' (ZH) RP hot ɒː maane 'to remind' (ZH) RP nod æ gäll 'isn't it?' (ZH) hat æː gääl 'yellow' (ZH) had e Bett 'bed' (ZH) Scottish late eː deene 'stretch' (ZH) Scottish day ɛ Hèr 'mister' (ZH) bet ɛː hèèr 'from' (ZH) bed ə schwèche 'to weaken' (ZH) about i sibe 'seven' (ZH) leaf iː siibe 'to sieve' (ZH) leave ɪ Rìtter 'knight' (BE) kit ɪː Rììs 'giant' (BE) kid ɔ Òfe 'oven' (BE) off ɔː Gòòfe 'kids' (BE) dog o hole 'to fetch' (ZH) Scottish oak oː hool 'hollow' (ZH) Scottish stove ø Böge 'sheets of paper' (ZH) Somewhat like nurse œ Blö̀ff 'bluff' (ZH) øː Böögge 'fools' (ZH) Somewhat like fur œː tö̀ö̀rfe 'to be allowed to' (ZH) u Bruch 'break' (ZH) boot uː Bruuch 'custom' (ZH) food ʉː Muus 'mouse' (BS) Modern RP goose ʊ Schùtt 'debris' (BE) foot ʊː Brùùch 'break' (BE) good y Füli 'pen' (ZH) Somewhat like cute ʏ hǜtt 'today' (BE) yː Füüli 'laziness' (ZH) Somewhat like feud ʏː Tǜǜre 'door' (BE) Diphthong offsets IPA Examples English approximation a̯ nia 'never' (SWG) roughly like ear æ̯ niä 'never' (UR) ə̯ nie 'never' (ZH) i̯ frei 'free' (ZH) The y-like ending in day o̯ Chüo 'cow' (VS) The w-like ending in go u̯ äu 'also' (ZH) y̑ vlöüge 'to fly' (Saanenland) Roughly like the w-like ending in go Suprasegmentals IPA Examples Explanation ˈ deene 'stretch' (ZH) Primary stress, as in deer /ˈdɪər/ ˌ Hèrdöpfel 'potato' (ZH) Secondary stress, as in commandeer /ˌkɒmənˈdɪər/

Notes

1. ^ Cited in Fleischer & Schmid (2006:251)
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Some scholars choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents with the symbols ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩, rather than ⟨b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, ɣ̊, v̥, z̥, ʒ̊⟩. In that case, the fortis obstruents are transcribed ⟨pː, tː, kː, xː, sː, ʃː⟩ or ⟨pp, tt, kk, xx, ss, ʃʃ⟩, rather than ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩. Here, we choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents as ⟨b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, ɣ̊, v̥, z̥, ʒ̊⟩, whereas the fortis obstruents are transcribed ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩. Long fortis obstruents or geminates occur in most of Switzerland except for the extreme Northeast, Wallis, and the Grisons–St. Gall Rhine valley.
3. ^ If pronounced different from yew, cf. yew–hew merger.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} The dorsal obstruents /kx, x, ɣ̊/ are realized as velar or uvular , depending on the dialect.
5. ^ ^{a b c} The aspirated consonants occur in borrowings from Standard German (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244)). In the dialects of Basel and Chur, an aspirated is also present in native words.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e} The /r/ phoneme can be pronounced as an alveolar trill or an alveolar tap (with both being transcribed with ⟨r⟩ in this guide for the sake of simplicity),, a uvular trill , a voiced uvular fricative or approximant , a voiceless lenis uvular fricative . Some dialects (e.g. Zurich German) use all six realizations (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244)).
7. ^ In Swabian German, /r/ is realized as a uvular approximant in syllable onset, but as a pharyngeal approximant in other positions (Markus Hiller. "Pharyngeals and "lax" vowel quality" (PDF). Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.). For simplicity, we transcribe these sounds as, respectively, and .
8. ^ In Bernese German, /l/ in the syllable coda is realized as .
9. ^ In Bernese German, the geminate /lː/ is realized as .
10. ^ ^{a b c d e f} The open vowels /a, aː/ can be front or central (with both sets transcribed as for simplicity), back unrounded or back rounded , depending on the dialect.
11. ^ The schwa /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables.
12. ^ In Basel German and in the dialect of Markgräflerland, /uː/ is fronted to .

Bibliography

• Dauwalder, Hans (1992), Wie mma s seid und cha schriiben. Eine haslideutsche Kurzgrammatik, Meiringen: Gemeinnütziger Verein
• Dieth, Eugen; Schmid-Cadalbert, Christian (1986), Schwyzertütschi Dialäktschrift. Dieth-Schreibung (2nd ed.), Aarau: Sauerländer
• Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan (2006), "Zurich German" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 243–253, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441
• Hotzenköcherle, Rudolf, ed. (1962–1997), Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz, Bern: Francke
• Werlen, Iwar (1977), Lautstrukturen des Dialekts von Brig im schweizerischen Kanton Wallis, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner
• Marti, Werner (1985), Berndeutsch-Grammatik, Bern: Francke, ISBN 3-7720-1587-5

See also

• Category:Pages with Alemannic German IPA (60)
• Category:Pages with Colonia Tovar German IPA (0)
• Category:Pages with Swabian IPA (0)
• Category:Pages with Walser IPA (2)