List of Hungarian Nobel laureates

In today's world, List of Hungarian Nobel laureates has become a topic of increasing interest and debate. With so many different opinions, research, and perspectives, it is difficult to come to a definitive conclusion on this matter. However, it is undeniable that List of Hungarian Nobel laureates awakens passions and challenges people's mentalities. Whether viewed from a scientific, social, political or economic perspective, List of Hungarian Nobel laureates continues to generate controversy and affect the lives of millions of people around the world. In this article, we will explore the various facets of List of Hungarian Nobel laureates and try to shed some light on this very complex topic.

The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." In 1968, a sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established.

Hungarians have won 15 Nobel Prizes since 1905. Following is a complete list of the Nobel laureates of Hungary, as recognised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. However, if persons born as Hungarian citizens are included, then the number rises to 22 in the scientific field.

Laureates

Hungarians have received Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Economics – in all fields except Peace.

Year Winner Field Contribution
1905 Philipp Lenard Physics "for his work on cathode rays"
1914 Robert Bárány Physiology or Medicine "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"
1925 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy Chemistry "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry"
1937 Albert Szent-Györgyi Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to Vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"
1943 George de Hevesy Chemistry "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"
1961 Georg von Békésy Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"
1963 Eugene Wigner Physics "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"
1971 Dennis Gabor Physics "for his invention and development of the holographic method"
1986 John Polanyi Chemistry "for his contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
1994 George Andrew Olah Chemistry "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
1994 John Harsanyi Economics "for pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"
2002 Imre Kertész Literature "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"
2004 Avram Hershko
(Hungarian spelling: Herskó)
Chemistry
2023 Katalin Karikó Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
2023 Ferenc Krausz Physics "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter"

Also sometimes included

Born in the Kingdom of Hungary

  • Leopold Ružička (Chemistry 1939) born in Vukovár, Syrmia County, in the Kingdom of Hungary, mostly (58) ethnic Croat
  • Ivo Andrić, born in Bosnia, Condominium of Austria-Hungary, ethnic Serb[citation needed]
  • Vladimir Prelog (Chemistry 1975) born in Sarajevo, Bosnia, Condominium of Austria-Hungary, (mostly) ethnic Croat[citation needed]

Born abroad

Unsuccessful nominees

Year(s) Nominee Field Nominated by
1911, 1914, 1917 Loránd Eötvös Physics Izidor Fröhlich, Radó von Kövesligethy, Jenő Klupathy, Philipp Lenard
1901 Vilmos Schulek Physiology or Medicine Lajos Thanhoffer, Antal Genersich
1901 Endre Hőgyes Physiology or Medicine Frigyes Korányi, Antal Genersich
1901 Josef von Fodor Physiology or Medicine Endre Hőgyes, Antal Genersich
1901, 1931, 1937 Sándor Korányi Physiology or Medicine Ottó Pertik, Pál Hári, Louis Nékám, Emil Grósz, Zoltán Vámossy, József Frigyesi, István Tóth, Géza Illyés, László Kétly, Tibor Verebélÿ, Philipp Schwartz, Lajos Ádám
1904 István Apáthy Physiology or Medicine Willem Rommelaere
1928, 1940 Géza Mansfeld Physiology or Medicine László Rhorer, István Rusznyák
1943 Ladislas J. Meduna Physiology or Medicine Jakob Klaesi
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 Hans Selye Physiology or Medicine ...
1950 Miklós Jancsó Physiology or Medicine József Frigyesi, Béla Issekutz, Sándor Mozsonyi
1901, 1902 Ferenc Kemény Literature Imre Pauer, Gusztáv Heinrich
1925, 1926, 1927 Ferenc Herczeg Literature Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1935 Dezső Szabó Literature Björn Collinder
1936, 1937 Cécile Tormay Literature János Hankiss, Károly Pap, János Horváth, Jenő Pintér, Fredrik Böök
1965, 1966 Gyula Illyés Literature John Lotz
1965-1970 George Popják Chemistry
1967 György Lukács Literature Erik Lindegren
1969, 1970 László Mécs Literature Watson Kirkconnell
1970, 1971 Sándor Weöres Literature Áron Kibédi Varga
1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932 Albert Apponyi Peace 19 Professors of Law, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged, Members of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Debrecen (József Tisza), The Hungarian Inter-Parliamentary Group (Albert Berzeviczy), The professors at the Faculty of Law at the Elisabeth University of Pécs, 3 professors at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Professors at the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged

One parent Hungarian-born

See also

  • David Gross, (physics 2004), US-born, father had ancestry from Hungary/Czechoslovakia
  • Patrick Modiano, (literature 2014), French, grandmother on mother's side was Hungarian-Jewish: Cecile Burdej from Budapest
  • Karl von Frisch, (medicine 1973), Austrian, 1/8 Hungarian-Jewish

==Religion at birth==[citation needed]

Catholic Protestant[clarification needed] Jewish Lutheran Reformed
  1. von Lenárd
  2. Ruzicka
  3. de Hevesy
  4. George von Békésy

(father converted from ref. to r.c)

  1. Andric
  2. Gajdusek
  3. Prelog
  4. Polányi
  5. Harsányi
  6. Krausz(?)
  1. Richard Zsigmondy (lutheran)
  2. Albert Szent-Györgyi (reformed)
  3. Wigner(lutheran)
  4. Gábor (lutheran)
  5. Osheroff(hungarian mother lutheran)

Gajdusek (hungarian mother reformed)

  1. Stigler (lutheran)
  2. Oláh (reformed)
  3. Katalin Karikó (reformed)
#Bárány
#Fried
#Friedman
#Wiesel
#Furchgott
#Politzer
#Kertész#Herskó
#Glück

"*"=

References

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