Longyan

In today's article we are going to delve into the fascinating world of Longyan. From its origins to its evolution today, this topic has aroused unprecedented interest in numerous people around the world. We will explore the different aspects that make Longyan so relevant in today's society and how it has impacted various areas of daily life. In addition, we will analyze the different perspectives and opinions of experts on the subject, with the aim of providing a more complete and enriching vision for our readers. Get ready to embark on a fascinating journey through Longyan!

Longyan
龙岩市
Lungyen
Clockwise from top: Longyan City, Chuxi tulou cluster in Yongding District, the ancient city walls in Changting County, Zhangdi village, and a night view from inside a tulou.
Map
Longyan is located in Fujian
Longyan
Longyan
Longyan is located in China
Longyan
Longyan
Coordinates (Longyan municipal government): 25°04′34″N 117°01′01″E / 25.076°N 117.017°E / 25.076; 117.017
CountryChina
ProvinceFujian
Municipal seatXinluo
Area
 • Prefecture-level city19,069 km2 (7,363 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)
 • Prefecture-level city2,559,545
 • Density130/km2 (350/sq mi)
 • Urban
703,524
GDP
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 287 billion
US$ 41.6 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 105,548
US$ 16,575
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (CST)
Postal code
364000, 366000
Area code597
ISO 3166 codeCN-FJ-08
License plate闽F
Administrative division code350800
Local dialectLongyan Min and Hakka Chinese
WebsiteLongyan.gov.cn

Longyan (simplified Chinese: 龙岩; traditional Chinese: 龍巖; pinyin: Lóngyán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lêng-nâ or Liong-nâ; lit. 'dragon rock'; Hakka: Liùng-ngàm; Longyan dialect: Lengngia) is a prefecture-level city in south-western Fujian Province, China, bordering Guangdong to the south and Jiangxi to the west.

History

In 736 AD (during the Tang dynasty), the prefecture of Tingzhou was established in western Fujian, or Minxi (闽西), administering Changting, Huanglian and Xinluo counties. Six years later Xinluo was named Longyan for the nearby cavern, a famous scenic site.

Due to the ancient conflicts in central China and aggression from northern tribes, many Han people moved from central China to Longyan.

in 1734, the Hokkien-speaking counties of Longyan city and Zhangping were ceded from Zhangzhou to form the Longyan Prefecture within the Hakka peasant Tingzhou prefecture, a typical Hakka peasant society culturally distinct from the Minnanese by the imperial court. In 1913, it reverted to its former name Longyan County and in 1981, Longyan City was established.

Minxi was a strategic base during the Chinese Civil War.

It is said[by whom?] that tens of thousands of people were recruited from the Hakka peasantry from the western Longyan to join the PLA during the Chinese Civil War, and nearly every Hakka family had someone sacrificed lives on behalf of CCP side especially during Mao's early purges in Tingzhou and Ganzhou which killed roughly 700,0000 Hakka people and some ethnic minorities. There are more than 26,000 locals that took part in the Long March which in total was carried out by 86,000. Moreover, during 1955 and 1968, 68 people from Longyan were awarded Brigadier General or above, which accounts for 82% of all generals from Fujian province at the time, therefore, Longyan is also named as "The Home of Generals".[citation needed]

Environment

Unlike many Chinese cities, the forest coverage of Longyan reaches an unusually high 77.9%, which is unparalleled in Fujian province. Meihuashan National Nature Reserve, a part of the China Biosphere Reserve Network, is located in Longyan.

Goby Rhinogobius longyanensis was first described from Longyan and named after it. Presumably also the prehistoric bivalve Claraia longyanensis got its name from Longyan.

Geography and climate

Longyan is situated in the upper reaches of the Jiulong and Ting Rivers. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Sanming to the north, Quanzhou to the east, Zhangzhou to the southeast, Meizhou (Guangdong) to the southwest, and Ganzhou (Jiangxi) to the west and northwest.

Longyan has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with short, mild winters, and long, hot and humid summers. Despite its inland location, the city's summers rank among the mildest in the province, averaging lower than even Xiamen and the islands of Pingtan County, both of which receive significant maritime moderation. Rainfall is greatest in spring and early summer and at its least in autumn and early winter.

Climate data for Longyan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.1
(82.6)
29.8
(85.6)
31.5
(88.7)
33.9
(93.0)
35.0
(95.0)
37.5
(99.5)
39.0
(102.2)
37.1
(98.8)
36.6
(97.9)
35.2
(95.4)
34.6
(94.3)
28.1
(82.6)
39.0
(102.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 17.9
(64.2)
19.2
(66.6)
21.5
(70.7)
25.6
(78.1)
28.7
(83.7)
30.8
(87.4)
33.2
(91.8)
32.8
(91.0)
31.2
(88.2)
27.9
(82.2)
23.9
(75.0)
19.3
(66.7)
26.0
(78.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.2
(54.0)
13.8
(56.8)
16.4
(61.5)
20.5
(68.9)
23.7
(74.7)
26.0
(78.8)
27.4
(81.3)
26.9
(80.4)
25.5
(77.9)
22.1
(71.8)
18.0
(64.4)
13.2
(55.8)
20.5
(68.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.4
(47.1)
10.3
(50.5)
13.0
(55.4)
16.9
(62.4)
20.2
(68.4)
22.8
(73.0)
23.6
(74.5)
23.3
(73.9)
21.8
(71.2)
17.9
(64.2)
13.8
(56.8)
9.3
(48.7)
16.8
(62.2)
Record low °C (°F) −1.9
(28.6)
−0.8
(30.6)
−0.9
(30.4)
5.6
(42.1)
12.1
(53.8)
15.4
(59.7)
19.4
(66.9)
17.7
(63.9)
13.8
(56.8)
6.0
(42.8)
1.4
(34.5)
−3.0
(26.6)
−3.0
(26.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 68.5
(2.70)
95.6
(3.76)
177.4
(6.98)
190.6
(7.50)
260.4
(10.25)
331.0
(13.03)
179.2
(7.06)
235.7
(9.28)
134.2
(5.28)
46.8
(1.84)
45.3
(1.78)
48.0
(1.89)
1,812.7
(71.35)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 8.9 11.9 17.2 16.6 18.0 19.4 15.5 17.6 12.0 5.7 6.2 7.1 156.1
Average snowy days 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2
Average relative humidity (%) 72 75 77 77 77 79 75 78 75 70 70 71 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 122.5 98.0 92.3 107.5 118.7 129.7 202.5 184.2 170.0 176.6 156.6 145.3 1,703.9
Percent possible sunshine 37 31 25 28 29 32 49 46 47 50 48 44 39
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration
Source 2: Weather China

Demographics

The prefecture-level city of Longyan had a population of 2,559,545 inhabitants as of 2010, according to the 2010 National Census. The population of Longyan in 2010 was 4.65% inferior than in 2000 (when the inhabitants of the city stand at 2,684,310), giving an average annual rate of growth of -0.47%.

Administration

The municipal executive, legislature, and judiciary are in Xinluo District (新罗区), together with the CPC and Public Security Bureau. The information about population uses the 2010 Census data.

Map
English name Simplified Pinyin Hakka Area Population Density
Xinluo District 新罗区 Xīnluó Qū Sîn-lò-khî 2,685 662,429 247
Yongding District 永定区 Yǒngdìng Qū Yún-thin-khî 2,216 362,658 164
Zhangping City 漳平市 Zhāngpíng Shì Chông-phìn-sṳ 2,975 240,194 81
Changting County 长汀县 Chángtīng Xiàn Tshòng-tin-yen 3,099 393,390 127
Liancheng County 连城县 Liánchéng Xiàn Lièn-sàng-yen 2,596 248,645 96
Shanghang County 上杭县 Shàngháng Xiàn Sông-hông-yen 2,879 374,047 130
Wuping County 武平县 Wǔpíng Xiàn Vú-phìn-yen 2,630 278,182 106

Culture

Exterior and interior views of a Fujian tulou from Longyan. They are traditional type of communal home used by the Hakka people.

Longyan is inhabited by Hoklo people and Hakka peasants. The Hoklo people live in the urban areas and cities of Xinluo and Zhangping districts in the eastern Longyan prefecture and speak Longyan Min while Hakka peasants live in rural village areas of the countryside of the western part of the prefecture, making western Longyan famous for being named as the "Home of Hakka People". The rural county of Changting is often referred to as the home of the Hakka, while the Ting River is known as the "mother river" of the Hakka people.

Longyan is a recent artificial construct of the Chinese government, having never been united together before the creation of Modern China. The two culturally distinct and separate Hoklo eastern city areas and Hakka western rural peasant areas have almost nothing in common in terms of language, culture and living habits, and were only forcibly merged into a single administrative region recently in history by the communist government.

Economy

Longyan serves as a strategic center for the distribution of goods to Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. It also acts as a gateway for trade with Guangdong and Jiangxi province. It is the main connection between the inland and coastal area.

Longyan is rich in natural resources such as important mineral deposits and forest zones. The Septwolves tobacco business is an important contributor to the local economy, as is the Zijin Mining group. The largest construction equipment maker Lonking Holdings is based in the city.

Transport

Longyan railway station

Notable people from Longyan

See also

References

  1. ^ 2008年行政区划 (in Simplified Chinese). Longyan Municipal Statistic Bureau. 2009-06-05. Retrieved 2009-12-08.
  2. ^ 福建省统计局、国家统计局福建调查总队 (August 2021). 《福建统计年鉴-2021》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-9510-7. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
  3. ^ a b 市情特点. Longyan People's Government.
  4. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Rhinogobius longyanensis" in FishBase. August 2013 version.
  5. ^ "†Claraia longyanensis Chen 1976 (clam)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  6. ^ a b 龙岩城市介绍. Weather China (in Chinese (China)).
  7. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  8. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  9. ^ a b (in Chinese) Longyan Statistic Bureau. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
  10. ^ "Wilson Center Digital Archive". digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org. Retrieved 2021-05-31.

External links