In today's world, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II has become a topic of interest to both experts and the general public. With its impact on different aspects of society, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II has captured the attention of the global community and generated widespread debate about its implications. From its emergence to its evolution over time, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II has left an indelible mark on history and has caused a series of significant changes in various areas. In this article, we will take a closer look at the impact of Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II and explore its many facets to better understand its importance today.
Romanization of Chinese |
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Mandarin |
Wu |
Yue |
Min |
Gan |
Hakka |
Xiang |
Polylectal |
See also |
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 國語注音符號第二式 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 国语注音符号第二式 | ||||||
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Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (Chinese: 國語注音符號第二式), abbreviated MPS II, is a romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was created to replace the complex tonal-spelling Gwoyeu Romatzyh, and to co-exist with the popular Wade–Giles (romanization) and Zhuyin (non-romanization). It is sometimes referred to as Gwoyeu Romatzyh 2 or GR2.
Based on the earlier and more complex Gwoyeu Romatzyh, the tentative version of MPS II was released on May 10, 1984, by the Ministry of Education under the Chiang Ching-kuo administration. After two years of feedback from the general public, the official version was established on January 28, 1986. To distinguish Zhuyin (Chinese: 注音符號; pinyin: Zhùyīn fúhào; lit. ' Phonetic Symbols') from the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (Chinese: 國語注音符號第二式; lit. 'Mandarin Zhuyin Second Version'), the first Zhuyin is officially called "Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I" (國語注音符號第一式).
Despite its official status for almost two decades until it was replaced by Tongyong Pinyin in 2002, MPS II existed only in some governmental publications (such as travel brochures and dictionaries). However, MPS II was not used for the official Romanized names of Taiwanese places (though many road signs replaced during this period use MPS II). It never gained the same status as did Wade-Giles. In mainstream overseas communities, it is virtually unused and unheard of.
Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | |||||
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Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiceless | ||
Nasal | m ㄇ m |
n ㄋ n |
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Plosive | Unaspirated | b ㄅ b |
d ㄉ d |
g ㄍ g | ||||||
Aspirated | p ㄆ p |
t ㄊ t |
k ㄎ k | |||||||
Affricate | Unaspirated | tz ㄗ z |
j ㄓ zh |
j ㄐ j |
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Aspirated | ts ㄘ c |
ch ㄔ ch |
ch ㄑ q |
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Fricative | f ㄈ f |
s ㄙ s |
sh ㄕ sh |
sh ㄒ x |
h ㄏ h | |||||
Liquid | l ㄌ l |
r ㄖ r |
An example phrase, "The second type of Chinese phonetic symbols":
Hanzi | 國語注音符號第二式 |
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Pinyin | guóyǔ zhùyīn fúhào dì'èr shì |
MPS II | guó-yǔ jù-yīn fú-hàu dì-èr shr̀ |
GR | gwoyeu juh'in fwuhaw dih'ell shyh |
Spaces are generally used in place of hyphens, except in personal names, which use hyphens in between the syllables of the given names.