Mourne Mountains

In today's world, Mourne Mountains is a topic that has gained relevance in various areas of society. The importance of Mourne Mountains has become increasingly evident in everyday life, impacting both personally and professionally. From its origins to the present, Mourne Mountains has been the subject of interest and debate, generating conflicting opinions and awakening the interest of experts and citizens alike. In this article, we will thoroughly explore the phenomenon of Mourne Mountains and its influence on different aspects of modern life, analyzing its evolution, impact and possible implications for the future.

Mourne Mountains
Beanna Boirche
View of the Mournes from Murlough Nature Reserve
Highest point
PeakSlieve Donard
Elevation850 m (2,790 ft)
Geography
Mourne Mountains is located in Northern Ireland
Mourne Mountains
Mourne Mountains is located in island of Ireland
Mourne Mountains
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryNorthern Ireland
CountiesCounty Down
Range coordinates54°10′N 6°05′W / 54.167°N 6.083°W / 54.167; -6.083
Geology
Type of rockGranite

The Mourne Mountains (/mɔːrn/ MORN; Irish: Beanna Boirche), also called the Mournes or Mountains of Mourne, are a granite mountain range in County Down in the south-east of Northern Ireland. They include the highest mountains in Northern Ireland, the highest of which is Slieve Donard at 850 m (2,790 ft). The Mournes are designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and it has been proposed to make the area Northern Ireland's first national park. The area is partly owned by the National Trust and sees many visitors every year. The Mourne Wall crosses fifteen of the summits and was built to enclose the catchment basin of the Silent Valley and Ben Crom reservoirs.

Name

The name 'Mourne' is derived from the name of a Gaelic clan or sept called the Múghdhorna. The older name of this mountainous territory was Bairrche, which is likely a collective noun derived from the Irish barr, meaning 'top, peak'. This survives in the Irish name for the mountains, na Beanna Boirche, literally "the peaks of the peak district". It was historically anglicized as 'Bennyborfy'. The name Bairche or Boirche was also personified as the mythical shepherd of the mountains.

Many of the mountains have names beginning "Slieve", from the Irish sliabh, meaning "mountain".

Mountains

The Mourne Wall on Slieve Donard, looking west
The eastern Mournes seen from Annalong Wood

On clear days, the Mourne Mountains can be seen from the Isle of Man and Dublin.

Highest summits (MountainViews Online Database)
Rank Name Irish name Translation Elevation Prominence
1 Slieve Donard
Highest in Ulster
Sliabh Dónairt Domhanghart's mountain 850 m (2,790 ft) 822 m (2,697 ft)
2 Slieve Commedagh Sliabh Coimhéideach guarding/watching mountain 767 m (2,516 ft) 180 m (590 ft)
3 Slieve Binnian Sliabh Binneáin mountain of the little peaks 746 m (2,448 ft) 282 m (925 ft)
4 Slieve Bearnagh Sliabh Bearnach gapped mountain 739 m (2,425 ft) 304 m (997 ft)
5 Slieve Lamagan Sliabh Lámhagáin crawling/creeping mountain 704 m (2,310 ft) 197 m (646 ft)
6 Slieve Meelbeg Sliabh Míol Beag small mountain of the beasts 702 m (2,303 ft) 193 m (633 ft)
7 Slieve Meelmore Sliabh Míol Mór great mountain of the beasts 680 m (2,230 ft) 109 m (358 ft)
8 Slieve Bearnagh North Tor 680 m (2,230 ft) 10 m (33 ft)
9 Slieve Binnian North Top 678 m (2,224 ft) 53 m (174 ft)
10 Slieve Muck Sliabh Muc pig mountain 670 m (2,200 ft) 155 m (509 ft)
11 Chimney Rock Mtn/Slieve Neir Sliabh an Aoire shepherd mountain 656 m (2,152 ft) 131 m (430 ft)
12 Cove Mountain 655 m (2,149 ft) 100 m (330 ft)
13 Slieve Corragh Sliabh Corrach rugged/pointed mountain 640 m (2,100 ft) 15 m (49 ft)
14 Eagle Mountain Sliabh an Iolair eagle mountain 638 m (2,093 ft) 263 m (863 ft)
15 Shanlieve Seanshliabh old mountain 626 m (2,054 ft) 31 m (102 ft)
16 Slieve Loughshannagh Sliabh Loch Seannach fox lake mountain 617 m (2,024 ft) 104 m (341 ft)
17 Slieve Beg Sliabh Beag little mountain 596 m (1,955 ft) 41 m (135 ft)
18 Doan Dún Maol Chobha Maol Cobha's fort 593 m (1,946 ft) 119 m (390 ft)
19 Slievenaglogh (Northern) Sliabh na gCloch mountain of the stones 586 m (1,923 ft) 41 m (135 ft)
20 Carn Mountain Sliabh an Chairn mountain of the cairn 585 m (1,919 ft) 50 m (160 ft)
21 Finlieve Finnshliabh white mountain 579 m (1,900 ft) 20 m (66 ft)
22 Slievemoughanmore 560 m (1,840 ft) 154 m (505 ft)
23 Crossone
(lesser summit of Slieve Donard)
Cros Eoghain Owen's cross 540 m (1,770 ft) 12 m (39 ft)
24 Pigeon Rock Mtn/Drumlee Droim Lao ridge of the calf 534 m (1,752 ft) 139 m (456 ft)
25 Ott Mountain Ucht mountain-breast 527 m (1,729 ft) 32 m (105 ft)
26 Ben Crom Binn Chrom stooped/curved peak 526 m (1,726 ft) 81 m (266 ft)
27 Rocky Mountain (Eastern) Sliabh na gCloch mountain of the stones 524 m (1,719 ft) 60 m (200 ft)
28 Spences Mountain
(lesser summit of Slieve Neir)
515 m (1,690 ft) Unknown
29 Cock Mountain/Slievahilly Sliabh an Choiligh cock mountain 504 m (1,654 ft) 130 m (430 ft)
30 Butter Mountain Sliabh an Ime butter mountain 500 m (1,600 ft) 95 m (312 ft)
Lesser summits and hills
Rank Name Irish name Translation Height
31 Slievemartin Sliabh Mártain Martin's mountain 485 m (1,591 ft)
32 Spaltha Unknown Unknown 479 m (1,572 ft)
33 Thomas Mountain Unknown Unknown 475 m (1,558 ft)
34 Tievedockaragh Taobh Docrach difficult hillside 473 m (1,552 ft)
35 Spelga Speilgeach place of pointed rocks 472 m (1,549 ft)
36 Slievemeen Sliabh Mín smooth mountain 471 m (1,545 ft)
37 Pierces Castle Unknown Unknown 465 m (1,526 ft)
38 Crenville Unknown Unknown 460 m (1,510 ft)
39 Millstone Mountain Unknown Unknown 459 m (1,506 ft)
40 Wee Binnian Broinn Bhinneáin breast of (Slieve) Binnian 459 m (1,506 ft)
41 Slievenagarragh Unknown Unknown 450 m (1,480 ft)
42 Slievenamaddy Sliabh na Madaidh dog mountain 450 m (1,480 ft)
43 Altaggart Mountain Unknown Unknown 445 m (1,460 ft)
44 Slievenaglogh (Southern) Sliabh na gCloch mountain of the stones 445 m (1,460 ft)
45 Slievenamiskan Sliabh Meascáin butter lump mountain 444 m (1,457 ft)
46 Slievenabrock Sliabh na mBroc badger mountain 438 m (1,437 ft)
47 Hares Gap Unknown Unknown 435 m (1,427 ft)
48 Hares Castle Unknown Unknown 430 m (1,410 ft)
49 Wee Slievemoughan Unknown Unknown 428 m (1,404 ft)
50 Slievedermot Sliabh Diarmuid Dermot's mountain 425 m (1,394 ft)
51 Slievemeel Sliabh Maol bald mountain 420 m (1,380 ft)
52 Leganabruchan Unknown Unknown 410 m (1,350 ft)
53 Craigdoo Creag Dubh black rock 408 m (1,339 ft)
54 Rocky Mountain (Western) Unknown Unknown 405 m (1,329 ft)
55 Slieve Ban Sliabh Bán white mountain 395 m (1,296 ft)
56 Windy Gap Unknown Unknown 395 m (1,296 ft)
57 Lukes Mountain Unknown Unknown 391 m (1,283 ft)
58 Slievebane Unknown Unknown 390 m (1,280 ft)
59 Tornamrock Torr na mBroc Torr of the Badgers 390 m (1,280 ft)
60 Slievenamuck Unknown Unknown 390 m (1,280 ft)
61 Gruggandoo Unknown Unknown 380 m (1,250 ft)
62 Black Stairs Unknown Unknown 370 m (1,210 ft)
63 Deers Meadow Unknown Unknown 370 m (1,210 ft)
64 Carnadranna Unknown Unknown 365 m (1,198 ft)
65 Slieve Roe Sliabh Ruadh red mountain 364 m (1,194 ft)
66 Slieve Roosley Unknown Unknown 362 m (1,188 ft)
67 Hen Mountain/Slievenakirk Sliabh na Circe hen mountain 360 m (1,180 ft)
68 Trainors Rocks Unknown Unknown 360 m (1,180 ft)
69 Lugagour Unknown Unknown 360 m (1,180 ft)
70 Leckan More Unknown Unknown 355 m (1,165 ft)
71 Percy Bysshe Unknown Unknown 355 m (1,165 ft)
72 Crannoge Unknown Unknown 350 m (1,150 ft)
73 The Fallow Unknown Unknown 350 m (1,150 ft)
74 Crotlieve Crotshliabh hump-mountain 347 m (1,138 ft)
75 Knockshee Cnoc Sidhe fairy hill 346 m (1,135 ft)
76 Long Seefin Suidhe Finn Finn's seat 345 m (1,132 ft)
77 Glen Fofanny Unknown Unknown 340 m (1,120 ft)
78 Slievenagore Unknown Unknown 335 m (1,099 ft)
79 Moolieve Unknown Unknown 332 m (1,089 ft)
80 Mullagharve Unknown Unknown 330 m (1,080 ft)
81 Slievenaman Unknown Unknown 323 m (1,060 ft)
82 Ardglash Unknown Unknown 320 m (1,050 ft)
83 Wee Roosley Unknown Unknown 320 m (1,050 ft)
84 Slievemageogh Unknown Unknown 316 m (1,037 ft)
85 Slievemiskan Unknown Unknown 310 m (1,020 ft)
86 Carmeen Unknown Unknown 310 m (1,020 ft)
87 Grugganskeagh Unknown Unknown 310 m (1,020 ft)
88 Knockchree Unknown Unknown 305 m (1,001 ft)

Other features

The below sub-headings detail other features and visitor attractions found in the Mourne Mountains.

The Mourne Wall

Mourne Wall on Slieve Bearnagh

The Mourne Wall is a dry stone wall measuring 31.4 km (19.5 miles) in length that crosses fifteen summits and was constructed to define and protect the 36 km2 (8,900-acre) catchment area purchased by Belfast Water Commissioners in the late 19th century. This followed a number of Acts of Parliament allowing the sale, and the establishment of a water supply from the Mournes to the growing industrial city of Belfast. Construction of the Mourne Wall was started in 1904 and was completed in 1922.

The Mourne Wall has been a listed building since 1996, and 600 repairs were completed in 2018 by Geda Construction.

Forests

Tollymore forest and the Mournes

Tollymore Forest Park is at Bryansford, near the town of Newcastle in the Mourne and Slieve Croob Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It covers an area of 630 hectares (1,600 acres) at the foot of the Mourne Mountains and has views of the surrounding mountains and the sea at nearby Newcastle. The Shimna River flows through the park where it is crossed by 16 bridges, the earliest dating to 1726. The river is a spawning ground for salmon and trout and is an Area of Special Scientific Interest for its geology, flora and fauna. The forest has four walking trails signposted by different coloured arrows, the longest being the 8-mile (13 km) "long haul trail". The Forest Park has been managed by the Forest Service since they purchased it from the Roden Estate in 1941.

Donard Forest is near Newcastle, County Down. It borders Donard Park at the foot of the Mourne Mountains. The Glen River flows through the forest, crossed by three stone bridges.

Rostrevor Forest is near the village of Rostrevor, County Down, between the Mourne Mountains and Carlingford Lough, in the Mourne Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The first trees, primarily sitka spruce, douglas fir and pine, were planted in 1931.

Reservoirs

Silent Valley and Ben Crom reservoirs seen from the south

All water reservoirs are owned and maintained by Northern Ireland Water (NIW).

Silent Valley Reservoir is a reservoir in the Mourne Mountains near Kilkeel, County Down. It supplies most of the water for County Down, surrounding counties and most of Belfast via the Aquarius pipeline. The reservoir was built between 1923 and 1933 by a workforce of over one thousand men, nine of whom died during construction. The catchment area is 9,000-acres (3,600 ha / 36 km2).

Ben Crom Reservoir is upstream of Silent Valley in the Kilkeel River valley, and supplies the same areas. It was constructed between 1953 and 1957.

Spelga Reservoir is in the townland of Spelga (Irish: Speilgeach), close to Hilltown, in the North West of the Mourne Mountains. It was formed by construction of Spelga Dam and sits at over 1,200 ft (370 m) above sea level. The dam was constructed between 1953 and 1957, and has a volume of 2,700,000 cubic metres and a catchment area of 1,340-acres (542 ha / 5.423 km2).

Fofanny Dam Reservoir is approximately 2 km north-east of Spelga Dam and is much smaller.

Flora and fauna

Aside from grasses, the most common plants found in the Mournes are heathers and gorse. Of the former, three species are found: cross-leaved heath, bell heather, and common heather. Of the latter, two species are found: common gorse and western gorse. Other plants which grow in the area are: common cottongrass, roseroot, harebell, marsh St John's-wort, wild thyme, wood sorrel and heath spotted orchid.

Sheep graze high into the mountains, and the range is also home to birds, including the raven, peregrine falcon, wren, buzzard, meadow pipit, grey wagtail, stonechat and snipe. The golden eagle, a former inhabitant, has not been seen in the Mournes since 1836.

Recreation

Tors on Slieve Binnian

"Discover Northern Ireland", a website operated by Tourism NI, promotes the Mourne Mountains as a popular destination for hiking and taking in views of the surrounding landscape, including local forests and the coastline. The Mournes offer a range of activities for visitors, including hiking, forest and beach walks, cycling and rock climbing, with nearly three-quarters of visitors choosing the Mournes as a place to go walking and hiking.

The Mournes are a popular destination for Duke of Edinburgh's Award expeditions. However, there are also a number of walking challenges which take place in the Mournes. The Mourne Wall challenge, which is also referred to as the 7-peak challenge because it takes into account 7 of the 10 highest Mourne mountains, is advertised by WalkNI. The Mourne six peak challenge is advertised by DiscoverNI and takes hikers up Slieve Donard, Commedagh, Bearnagh, Slieve Binnian, Slieve Meelmore and Slieve Meelbeg across three days of hiking.

Information and statistics on tourism to the Mournes were gathered by TourismNI in 2014. In a survey of leisure visitors, 79% were found to come from Northern Ireland, 15% from elsewhere in the British Isles or Republic of Ireland, and 5–6% were international visitors. Two-thirds of all visitors made a single-day trip rather staying overnight, and party sizes averaged between 3 and 4 people.

There are many granite cliffs, in the form of outcrops and tors, scattered throughout the range, making the Mournes one of Northern Ireland's major rock-climbing areas since the first recorded ascents in the 1930s. The rockforms are generally quite rounded, thus often requiring cams for protection, but with good friction. The 1998 guidebook lists 26 separate crags, with a total of about 900 routes of all grades.

Conservation

Mourne country near Spelga Dam, the slopes of Slieve Loughshannagh and Ott Mountain with a stream in spate after some recent heavy rain

Following a fundraising drive in 1993, the National Trust purchased nearly 5.3 km2 (1,300 acres) of land in the Mournes, which included a part of Slieve Donard (at 850 m (2,790 ft)) and nearby Slieve Commedagh (at 767 m (2,516 ft)), the second-highest mountain in the area.

It has been proposed that the Mourne Mountains be made Northern Ireland's first national park. The plan has been subject to controversy because of the area's status as private property, with over 1,000 farmers based in the proposed park, and also because of fears over the impact on local communities, bureaucracy and house prices.

Gorse burning

Historically, gorse had many uses in the rural economy and hill farmers often cleared gorse by hand. There is also a tradition in the Mournes of controlled gorse burning to improve grazing for sheep. Today, however, many of the fires are unmanaged and some become out-of-control wildfires. In the 1950s, Emyr Estyn Evans had written that some shepherds in the Mournes tended to burn gorse and heather recklessly. He said that such over-burning "results in widespread destruction" and, along with other mismanagement, had "greatly impoverished the mountain environment". In the 21st century there have been hundreds of heather and gorse wildfires in the Mournes each year, the vast majority started deliberately, with "farmers and vandals" often blamed. It is claimed many of the wildfires are caused by hill farmers and landowners carrying out unapproved burning to clear gorse/heather and thus maximize the subsidy payments they receive for the amount of grazing-land they have. Some are also caused by careless visitors. In April 2021, more than a hundred firefighters tackled a major gorse wildfire in the eastern Mournes, which blazed for three days and devastated habitat in the area. The over-clearing of gorse, heather and trees also heightens the risk of landslides.

Wind farm proposal

In 2015, German-owned company ABO Wind applied to build a wind farm at Gruggandoo in the western Mourne Mountains. Its first two applications were turned down, and its revised application is to build eight turbines standing 142 metres (466 ft) high, along with a network of access tracks, substations and a control building. The turbines would be among the tallest structures in Ireland. The company claims they could power 37% of homes in the district. There is opposition, as the wind farm would be in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and would impact wildlife and habitats. Local protest group, Mourne AONB Against Windfarms, warn it would open the door for further wind farms to be built in the Mournes and other protected areas. Planning officers for Newry, Mourne and Down District Council deem the wind farm "unacceptable" and recommended the council reject it. In 2020, councillors instead voted to ask for a public inquiry.

Popular culture

The mountains are immortalised in a song written by Percy French in 1896, "The Mountains of Mourne". The song has been recorded by many artists, including Don McLean, and was quoted in Irish group Thin Lizzy's 1979 song "Roisin Dubh (Black Rose): A Rock Legend". Frank Baker's famous Ulster-based comic novel Miss Hargreaves refers to it: "I'm not going to tell you much about the holiday except to say it was a grand month and we enjoyed every bit of it even though it rained much of the time. We went miles in the car, swam in the river, messed about in an old tub of a boat belonging to a farmer; and we spent a good many evenings in the hotel at Dungannon, drinking Irish whiskey and flirting with a cheeky girl Henry rather fell for. We climbed the Mourne Mountains and sang the right song on the top, though we couldn't remember the words".

"The Mountains of Mourne" are also mentioned in John Lennon's song "The Luck of the Irish" on the album Some Time in New York City.

The scenery of the Mourne Mountains have also provided the backdrop for a number of productions, most famously HBO's Game of Thrones.

Many local painters have depicted the mountains, including the same Percy French, who immortalized them in song.

The Mourne Mountains also influenced C. S. Lewis to create the mythical world featured in his The Chronicles of Narnia series.

Helicopter crash

On 23 October 2010 an AgustaWestland AW109 (tail number: N2NR) was operating a VFR flight from Enniskillen Airport to Caernarfon Airport, Wales. While en route the helicopter crashed into the western side of Shanlieve, killing all three passengers and crew on board. The cause of the accident was determined to be pilot error in heavy fog.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ MountainViews was created in 2002 by Simon Stewart as a non–profit online database for climbers in Ireland to document and catalogue their Irish climbs. Its main data feed is taken from the Ordnance Survey Ireland ("OSI"). However, it also integrates other established Irish mountain databases such as the Paul Tempan Loganim Irish Placenames Database. Collins Press published its Online Datase in 2013 in the book: A Guide to Ireland's Mountain Summits: The Vandeleur-Lynams & the Arderins. MountainViews is also partnered with the important Database of British and Irish Hills ("DoBIH"), which is the main live database for the categorisation of mountains and hills in the British Isles.
  2. ^ In all cases this is the "Name Origin and Meaning" column from Paul Tempan's Irish Hill and Mountain Names (2010).
  3. ^ 'Elevation' is the vertical height of the summit above average sea level.
  4. ^ 'Topographic prominence' is the height of the summit above the lowest point on the terrain surrounding it.

References

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  9. ^ McKay, Patrick (1999). A Dictionary of Ulster Place-Names. The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast: The Institute of Irish Studies. p. 112. ISBN 978-0853897422.
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  25. ^ Place Names NI: Slievedermot
  26. ^ Place Names NI: Craigdoo
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  • Kirk, David (2002). The Mountains of Mourne: A Celebration of a Place Apart. Belfast: Appletree Press. ISBN 0-86281-846-X.

External links