Voiceless labiodental fricative
In this article, we will explore the issue of Voiceless labiodental fricative from a multidimensional perspective, analyzing its implications, repercussions and possible solutions. Voiceless labiodental fricative is a topic that has captured the attention of academics, activists, government institutions and society in general, due to its relevance in the current context. Through a deep analysis, we aim to provide a comprehensive vision of Voiceless labiodental fricative, addressing its most relevant aspects, its connections with other phenomena and its potential impact in different areas. With the purpose of enriching the debate around Voiceless labiodental fricative, this article aims to offer a holistic vision that invites reflection and constructive dialogue.
| Voiceless labiodental fricative | |
|---|---|
| f | |
| IPA Number | 128 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | f |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0066 |
| X-SAMPA | f |
| Braille |  |
| Voiceless labiodental approximant | |
|---|---|
| ʋ̥ | |
| IPA Number | 150 402A |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | P_0 |
The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.
Some scholars also posit the voiceless labiodental approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨ʋ̥⟩.
Features
Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | фы/fy | 'lightning' | See Abkhaz phonology | ||
| Adyghe | тфы/tfy | ⓘ | 'five' | Corresponds to in Kabardian and Proto-Circassian | |
| Albanian | faqe | 'cheek' | |||
| Arabic | Modern Standard | ظرف/th'arf | 'envelope' | See Arabic phonology | |
| Armenian | Eastern | ֆուտբոլ/futbol | ⓘ | 'football' | |
| Assyrian | ܦܬܐ pata | 'face' | Used mostly by Western speakers; corresponds to /p/ in most other dialects. | ||
| Assamese | বৰফ/borof | 'snow/ice' | |||
| Azeri | tüfəng | 'ɡun' | |||
| Basque | fin | 'thin' | |||
| Bengali | ফুল/ful | 'flower' | Allophone of /pʰ/. See Bengali phonology | ||
| Catalan | fort | 'strong' | See Catalan phonology | ||
| Chechen | факс / faks | 'fax' | Used only in loanwords. There is no /f/ in Chechen; /f/ was replaced by /p/ in loanwords that contained it before increased influence from the Russian language popularized the usage of /f/. | ||
| Chinese | Cantonese | 飛 / fēi | ⓘ | 'to fly' | See Cantonese phonology |
| Mandarin | 飛 (traditional) / 飞(simplified) / fēi | ⓘ | See Mandarin phonology | ||
| Coptic | ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ/ftoow | 'four' | |||
| Czech | foukat | 'to blow' | See Czech phonology | ||
| Dutch | fiets | 'bike' | See Dutch phonology | ||
| English | All dialects | fill | ⓘ | 'fill' | See English phonology |
| Cockney | think | 'think' | Socially marked, with speakers exhibiting some free variation with [θ] (with which it corresponds to in other dialects). See th-fronting. | ||
| Many British urban dialects | |||||
| Some younger East Anglian English | |||||
| Some younger New Zealanders | |||||
| Broad South African | myth | 'myth' | Possible realization of /θ/, more common word-finally. See White SAE phonology. | ||
| Indian South African | fair | 'fair' | Described as an approximant. Corresponds to /f/ in other accents. | ||
| Esperanto | fajro | 'fire' | See Esperanto phonology | ||
| Ewe | eflen | 'he spit off' | |||
| French | fabuleuse | 'fabulous' | See French phonology | ||
| Galician | faísca | 'spark' | See Galician phonology | ||
| German | fade | 'bland' | See Standard German phonology | ||
| Goemai | f'at' | 'to blow' | |||
| Greek | φύση / fysī | 'nature' | See Modern Greek phonology | ||
| Gujarati | ફળ / faļ | 'fruit' | See Gujarati phonology | ||
| Hebrew | סופר/sofer | 'writer' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | ||
| Hindustani | साफ़ / صاف/saaf | 'clean' | See Hindustani phonology | ||
| Hungarian | figyel | 'he/she pays attention' | See Hungarian phonology | ||
| Indonesian | fajar | 'dawn' | See Indonesian phonology | ||
| Italian | fantasma | 'ghost' | See Italian phonology | ||
| Kabardian | фыз/fyz | 'woman' | Corresponds to in Adyghe and Proto-Circassian | ||
| Kabyle | afus | ||||
| Kazakh | faqır / фақыр | 'poor' | |||
| Khmer | កាហ្វេ / kahvé | 'coffee' | See Khmer phonology | ||
| Macedonian | фонетика/fonetika | 'phonetics' | See Macedonian phonology | ||
| Māori | whakapapa | 'genealogy' | Less commonly [ɸ]. See Māori phonology. | ||
| Malay | feri | 'ferry' | Only occurs in loanwords | ||
| Malayalam | ഫലം/falam | 'fruit, result' | Only occurs in loanwords in the standard version. ഫ is used to represent both /pʰ/ and /f/ but nowadays most people pronounce /pʰ/ as . Occurs in native words in the Jeseri dialect. | ||
| Maltese | fenek | 'rabbit' | |||
| Norwegian | filter | 'filter' | See Norwegian phonology | ||
| Persian | فروخت/foruxt | 'he/she sold' | |||
| Polish | futro | ⓘ | 'fur' | See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese | fala | 'speech' | See Portuguese phonology | ||
| Punjabi | ਫ਼ੌਜੀ/faujī | 'soldier' | |||
| Romanian | foc | 'fire' | See Romanian phonology | ||
| Russian | орфография/orfografiya | 'orthography' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology | ||
| Serbo-Croatian | фаза / faza | 'phase' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | ||
| Slovak | fúkať | 'to blow' | See Slovak phonology | ||
| Slovene | Standard | flavta | 'flute' | See Slovene phonology | |
| Some dialects | vsi | 'all (people)' | Allophone of /v/ before voiceless obstruents in dialects with /ʋ/ → /v/ development. See Slovene phonology | ||
| Somali | feex | 'wart' | See Somali phonology | ||
| Spanish | fantasma | 'ghost' | See Spanish phonology | ||
| Swahili | kufa | 'to die' | |||
| Swedish | fisk | 'fish' | See Swedish phonology | ||
| Thai | ฝน/fon | 'rain' | |||
| Toda | nes̲of | 'moon' | |||
| Turkish | saf | 'pure' | See Turkish phonology | ||
| Ukrainian | Фастів/fastiv | 'Fastiv' | See Ukrainian phonology | ||
| Vietnamese | pháo | 'firecracker' | See Vietnamese phonology | ||
| Welsh | ffon | 'stick' | See Welsh phonology | ||
| West Frisian | fol | 'full' | See West Frisian phonology | ||
| Yi | ꃚ / fu | 'roast' | |||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan | cafe | 'coffee' | Used primarily in loanwords from Spanish | |
See also
Notes
- ^ Thelwall (1990), p. 37.
- ^ Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 18.
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
- ^ Wells (1982), p. 328.
- ^ Altendorf (1999), p. 7.
- ^ Clark & Trousdale (2010), p. 309.
- ^ Britain (2005), p. 1005.
- ^ Wood (2003), p. 50.
- ^ Gordon & Maclagan (2008), p. 74.
- ^ Bowerman (2004), p. 939.
- ^ Mesthrie (2004), p. 960.
- ^ Ladefoged (2005), p. 156.
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73.
- ^ Jassem (2003), p. 103.
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 91.
- ^ DEX Online :
- ^ Padgett (2003), p. 42.
- ^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 255.
- ^ Danylenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
- ^ Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
- ^ Merrill (2008), p. 109.
References
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