Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki | |
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Ƴancin Jama'a, Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa da Hakkokin al'adu | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | intellectual freedom (en) , freedom of expression (en) , civil rights (en) da Yancin Bayanai |
Inkiya | freezepeach |
Hashtag (en) | freespeech |
Hannun riga da | censorship (en) |
'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ƙa'ida ce da ke tallafawa ƴancin mutum ko al'umma don bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron ramuwar gayya ba, ko takunkumin doka. Kalmar 'yanci faɗar albarkacin baki galibi ana amfani da ita dai-dai amma, a ma'anar doka, ya haɗa da kowane aiki na neman, karɓar, da kuma ba da bayani ko ra'ayoyi, ba tare da la'akari da matsakaicin da ake amfani da shi ba.
A dama zuwa yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da aka gane a matsayin wani mutum dama a karkashin labarin 19 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) da kuma gane a duniya kare hakkin dan adam dokar a cikin International Wa'adi on Civil da kuma siyasa Rights (ICCPR). Mataki na 19 na dokar ta (UDHR) ta ce "kowa na da 'yancin gudanar da ra'ayi ba tare da tsangwama ba" kuma "kowa na da' yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsa; wannan 'yancin na kunshe da' yancin neman, karba da kuma bayar da bayanai da ra'ayoyi iri daban-daban, ba tare da la'akari ba na iyakoki, ko dai a baki, a rubuce ko a buga, a cikin hanyar fasaha, ko kuma ta kowace hanyar sadarwa da ya zaba ". Sigar Mataki na 19 a cikin (ICCPR) daga baya ya gyara wannan ta hanyar bayyana cewa aiwatar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin yana ɗauke da "ayyuka na musamman da nauyi" kuma mai yiwuwa "saboda haka ya kasance cikin wasu ƙuntatawa" idan ya zama dole " ko mutunta haƙƙoƙi ko suna na wasu "ko" ko kariyar tsaron ƙasa ko oda ta jama'a (ba da umarnin jama'a), ko lafiyar jama'a ko ɗabi'a ".
'Yancin magana, saboda haka, ba za a gane yadda ake cikakkar, kuma kowa gazawa ko iyakoki zuwa' yancin magana da labari a yi ɓatanci, ƙarya, batsa, da fitina, zunubi shũshũtãwa, yaki da kalmomi, da bayanai na musamman, hakkin mallaka, take hakkin, cinikayya asirin, lakabin abinci, yarjejeniyar ba da bayyanawa, haƙƙin sirri, mutunci, haƙƙin mantawa, tsaron jama'a, da shaidar zur . Hujjoji na irin wannan sun hada da ka'idar cutarwa, wanda John Stuart Mill ya gabatar a cikin On Liberty, wanda ke nuna cewa "makasudin kawai da za a yi amfani da iko dai-dai bisa kowane memba na wata al'umma mai wayewa, ba da son ransa ba, shi ne hana cutar da wasu. "
Hakanan ana amfani da ra'ayin "ƙa'idar laifi" a cikin dalilin ƙayyade maganganu, yana kwatanta ƙuntatawa kan nau'ikan maganganu waɗanda ake ganin sun ɓata wa al'umma rai, la'akari da dalilai kamar iyaka, tsawon lokaci, muradin mai magana, da sauƙin abin da zai iya zama kauce masa. Tare da canjin zamanin zamani, kuma amfani da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ya zama mafi sabani yayin da sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa da takurawa suka taso, misali aikin Garkuwa na Garkuwa, wani shiri ne daga Ma'aikatar Tsaron Jama'a ta gwamnatin China wanda ke tace bayanai marasa kyau daga kasashen waje.
'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da faɗar albarkacin baki yana da tarihi mai tsawo wanda ya gabaci kayan aikin ɗan adam na duniya na zamani. Ana tunanin cewa tsohuwar ƙa'idar dimokiradiyya ta Atheniya ta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki na iya fitowa a ƙarshen karni na 6 ko farkon karni na 5 BC. Ka'idodin Jamhuriyar Rum sun haɗa da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da kuma ' yancin yin addini .
A watan Yulin shekara ta 2014, Jami'ar Chicago ta fitar da "Bayanin Chicago," wata sanarwa game da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da aka tsara don yaƙi da takunkumi a harabar. Wannan sanarwa daga baya wasu manyan jami'oi da suka hada da Princeton University, Washington University a St. Louis, Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, da Jami'ar Columbia sun karba Suma daga baya.
Masu sharhi kamar su Vox 's Zack Beauchamp da Chris Quintana, suna rubuce-rubuce a littafin 'Chronicle of Higher Education', sun yi sabani game da zaton cewa makarantun kwaleji na fuskantar "matsalar magana kyauta."