ശരിയായ മാർഗ്ഗം ഏറ്റവും പ്രയോജനകരമായതും യാതനയും കുറവുകളും കഴിയുന്നത്ര ഒഴിവാക്കുന്നതുമാണെന്ന നൈതിക സിദ്ധാന്തത്തെയാണ് പ്രയോജനവാദം (യൂട്ടാലിറ്റേറിയനിസം) എന്ന് വിളിക്കുന്നത്. ക്ലാസിക്കൽ യൂട്ടാലിറ്റേറിയനിസത്തിന്റെ രണ്ടു പ്രധാന പ്രയോക്താക്കൾ ജെറേമി ബെന്ഥാം, ജോൺ സ്റ്റുവർട്ട് മിൽ എന്നിവരാണ്. തീരുമാനമെടുക്കുവാൻ ഒരാളെ സഹായിക്കുന്ന മാർഗ്ഗമാണിതെന്ന് ഏറ്റവും ലഘുവായി പറയാവുന്നതാണ്. പ്രയോജനവാദത്തിൽ ഒരു പ്രവൃത്തിയുടെ നൈതികമായ ഗുണം അതിന്റെ അനന്തരഫലങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നാണ് തീരുമാനിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്. ശരിക്കും സംഭവിച്ച ഫലങ്ങൾ, മുൻകൂട്ടിക്കണ്ടവ, നടപ്പിൽ വരണമെന്നുദ്ദേശിച്ചവ എന്നീ ഉപവിഭാഗങ്ങൾക്ക് എന്തുമാത്രം ഊന്നൽ കൊടുക്കണം എന്നതുസംബന്ധിച്ച് അഭിപ്രായ ഐക്യമില്ല.
↑Bentham, Jeremy (2001). The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Published under the Superintendence of His Executor, John Bowring. Volume 1. Adamant Media Corporation. p. 18. ISBN978-1402163937.
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Halevy, Elie (1966). The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism. Beacon Press. ISBN0-19-101020-0.
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കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്
Cornman, James, et al. Philosophical Problems and Arguments - An Introduction, 4th edition Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Co., 1992.
Glover, Jonathan, Causing Death and Saving Lives, Penguin Books, 1977. A good example of a broadly utilitarian approach. See esp. the last two chapters on war and moral distance.
Harwood, Sterling, "Eleven Objections to Utilitarianism," in Louis P. Pojman, ed., Moral Philosophy: A Reader, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Co., 2003, and in Sterling Harwood, ed., Business as Ethical and Business as Usual, Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1996, Chapter 7.
Mackie, J. L. (1991). "esp. Chapter 6, Utilitarianism". Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. Penguin Books. ISBN978-0140135589.
Martin, Michael, "A Utilitarian Kantian Principle," Philosophical Studies, (with H. Ruf), 21, 1970, pp. 90–91.
Rachels, James; Rachels, Stuart (2012). "esp. Chapters 7&8, The Utilitarian Approach & The Debate of Utilitarianism". The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN978-0078038242.
Silverstein, Harry S. A Defence of Cornman's Utilitarian Kantian Principle, Philosophical Studies (Dordrecht u.a.) 23, 212–215. 1972
Singer, Peter (1993). "esp. Chapter 19&20, Consequentialism & The Utility and the Good". A Companion to Ethics (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN978-0631187851.
Singer, Peter. The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1981.
Stokes, Eric. The English Utilitarians and India, Clarendon Press, 1963.