↑ 10.010.1induced delusional disorder หรือ Folie à deux หรือ shared psychosis
หรือ shared delusional disorder เป็นความผิดปกติทางจิตเวชที่มีอาการหลงผิดและบางครั้งประสาทหลอน
อาจส่งจากคนหนึ่งไปยังอีกคนหนึ่ง
อาการที่มีมากกว่า 2 คนอาจเรียกว่า folie à trois, folie à quatre, folie en famille ("family madness") หรือ folie à plusieurs ("madness of several")
↑ 7.07.1VandenBos, Gary R, บ.ก. (2015). APA dictionary of psychology (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. p. 862. doi:10.1037/14646-000. ISBN978-1-4338-1944-5. psychosis n. 1. an abnormal mental state involving significant problems with reality testing. It is characterized by serious impairments or disruptions in the most fundamental higher brain functions—perception, cognition and cognitive processing, and emotions or affect—as manifested in behavioral phenomena, such as delusions, hallucinations, and significantly disorganized speech. 2. historically, any severe mental disorder that significantly interferes with functioning and ability to perform activities essential to daily living.
↑ 10.010.1Griswold, KS; Del Regno, PA; Berger, RC (June 2015). "Recognition and Differential Diagnosis of Psychosis in Primary Care". American Family Physician. 91 (12): 856–63. PMID26131945.
↑ 18.018.118.218.318.418.5Lewis, Stephen; Escalona, Rodrigo; Keith, Samuel (2017). "Phenomenology of Schizophrenia". ใน Sadock, Virginia A; Sadock, Benjamin J; Ruiz, Pedro (บ.ก.). Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ISBN978-1-4511-0047-1.
↑Jaspers, Karl (1997-11-27) . Allgemeine Psychopathologie (General Psychopathology). Translated by J. Hoenig and M.W. Hamilton from German (Reprint ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN978-0-8018-5775-1.
↑Ohayon, MM; Priest, RG; Caulet, M; Guilleminault, C (October 1996). "Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: pathological phenomena?". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 169 (4): 459–67. doi:10.1192/bjp.169.4.459. PMID8894197.
↑Chan-Ob, T; Boonyanaruthee, V (September 1999). "Meditation in association with psychosis". Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet. 82 (9): 925–30. PMID10561951.
↑Devillieres, P; Opitz, M; Clervoy, P; Stephany, J (May–June 1996). "Delusion and sleep deprivation". L'Encéphale. 22 (3): 229–31. PMID8767052.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date format (ลิงก์)
↑ 28.028.128.2Misiak, B; Krefft, M; Bielawski, T; Moustafa, AA; Sąsiadek, MM; Frydecka, D (April 2017). "Toward a unified theory of childhood trauma and psychosis: A comprehensive review of epidemiological, clinical, neuropsychological and biological findings". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 75: 393–406. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.015. PMID28216171.
↑Read, J; van Os, J; Morrison, AP; Ross, CA (November 2005). "Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 112 (5): 330–50. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00634.x. PMID16223421.
↑The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. p. 2003. {{cite book}}: ไม่รู้จักพารามิเตอร์ |editors= ถูกละเว้น แนะนำ (|editor=) (help)
↑ 38.038.1Winokur, George (1977). Comprehensive Psychiatry-Delusional Disorder. American Psychiatric Association. p. 513.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (ลิงก์)
↑Schacter, Daniel L; Gilbert, Daniel T; Wegner, Daniel M (2010). Psychology. Worth Publishers.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (ลิงก์)
↑"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder: results from the wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions". 2009. doi:10.4088/pcc.08m00679. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑
Reber, Arthur S (2009). The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology (4th ed.). New York: Penguin Books. p. 706. ISBN9780141030241.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (ลิงก์)
↑Shibayama, M (2011). "". Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi = Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica. 113 (9): 906–11. PMID22117396.
↑Jauch, DA; Carpenter, WT (February 1988). "Reactive psychosis. I. Does the pre-DSM-III concept define a third psychosis?". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 176 (2): 72–81. doi:10.1097/00005053-198802000-00002. PMID3276813.
↑"Adderall XR Prescribing Information"(PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Shire US Inc. December 2013. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม(PDF)เมื่อ 2013-12-30. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2013-12-30. Treatment-emergent psychotic or manic symptoms, e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania in children and adolescents without prior history of psychotic illness or mania can be caused by stimulants at usual doses. ... In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo controlled studies, such symptoms occurred in about 0.1% (4 patients with events out of 3482 exposed to methylphenidate or amphetamine for several weeks at usual doses) of stimulant-treated patients compared to 0 in placebo-treated patients.
↑
{{cite journal | editor = Shoptaw, SJ; Ali, R | last1 = Shoptaw | first1 = SJ | last2 = Kao | first2 = U | last3 = Ling | first3 = W | title = Treatment for amphetamine psychosis | journal = Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. | issue = 1 | pages = CD003026 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19160215 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003026.pub3 | quote = A minority of individuals who use amphetamines develop full-blown psychosis requiring care at emergency departments or psychiatric hospitals.
↑ 77.077.1
Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas; Hofmann, Jeffrey (2012). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1. McGraw-Hill. p. 117.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (ลิงก์)
↑Jana, DK; Romano-Jana, L (October 1973). "Hypernatremic psychosis in the elderly: case reports". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 21 (10): 473–7. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1973.tb01212.x. PMID4729012.
↑Velasco, PJ; Manshadi, M; Breen, K; Lippmann, S (1999-12-01). "Psychiatric aspects of parathyroid disease". Psychosomatics. 40 (6): 486–90. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(99)71186-2. PMID10581976.
↑Rosenthal, M; Gil, I; Habot, B (1997). "Primary hyperparathyroidism: neuropsychiatric manifestations and case report". The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences. 34 (2): 122–5. PMID9231574.
↑Nanji, AA (November 1984). "The psychiatric aspect of hypophosphatemia". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 29 (7): 599–600. doi:10.1177/070674378402900710. PMID6391648.
↑"Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: Case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies". 2008. PMID18851928. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑"The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms". 2013. PMID22345659. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑"Nonceliac gluten sensitivity". 2015. PMID25583468. Since 2010, the definition of NCGS has been discussed at 3 consensus conferences, which led to 3 publications. Given the uncertainties about this clinical entity and the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, all 3 reports concluded that NCGS should be defined by the following exclusionary criteria: a clinical entity induced by the ingestion of gluten leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that resolve once the gluten-containing foodstuff is eliminated from the diet, and when celiac disease and wheat allergy have been ruled out.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑
Broderick, P; Benjamin, AB (December 2004). "Caffeine and psychiatric symptoms: a review". The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association. 97 (12): 538–42. PMID15732884.
↑
Sewell, RA; Ranganathan, M; D'Souza, DC (April 2009). "Cannabinoids and psychosis". International Review of Psychiatry. 21 (2): 152–62. doi:10.1080/09540260902782802. PMID19367509.
↑
McLaren, JA; Silins, E; Hutchinson, D; Mattick, RP; Hall, W (January 2010). "Assessing evidence for a causal link between cannabis and psychosis: a review of cohort studies". The International Journal on Drug Policy. 21 (1): 10–9. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.09.001. PMID19783132.
↑Dragt, S; Nieman, DH; Schultze-Lutter, F; van der Meer, F; Becker, H; de Haan, L; และคณะ (January 2012). "Cannabis use and age at onset of symptoms in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 125 (1): 45–53. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01763.x. PMID21883099.
↑"Adderall XR Prescribing Information"(PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. December 2013. pp. 4–6. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม(PDF)เมื่อ 2013-12-30. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2013-12-30.
↑
Palaniyappan, L; Balain, V; Liddle, PF (October 2012). "The neuroanatomy of psychotic diathesis: a meta-analytic review". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 46 (10): 1249–56. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.06.007. PMID22790253.
↑Radua, J; Borgwardt, S; Crescini, A; Mataix-Cols, D; Meyer-Lindenberg, A; McGuire, PK; Fusar-Poli, P (November 2012). "Multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional brain changes in first episode psychosis and the effects of antipsychotic medication". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 36 (10): 2325–33. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.012. PMID22910680. Patients with a FEP showed large and robust bilateral decreases of GMV in a peri-Sylvian cluster that included the insula, operculum and the superior temporal gyrus, and in the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortices (MeF/ACC) (Fig. 2A and Supplementary Table S2). Patients had relatively greater GMV than controls in the right lingual gyrus and left precentral gyrus.
↑Bora, E; Fornito, A; Yücel, M; Pantelis, C (February 2012). "The effects of gender on grey matter abnormalities in major psychoses: a comparative voxelwise meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder". Psychological Medicine. 42 (2): 295–307. doi:10.1017/S0033291711001450. PMID21835091.
↑Del Casale, A; Kotzalidis, GD; Rapinesi, C; Sorice, S; Girardi, N; Ferracuti, S; Girardi, P (2016). "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of First-Episode Psychoses during Attentional and Memory Task Performance". Neuropsychobiology. 74 (1): 22–31. doi:10.1159/000448620. PMID27698323.
↑Radua et al (2012), 3.3. Changes in regional brain response to cognitive tasks. "In the anterior part of the right insula and in the dorsal ACC there was hypoactivation relative to controls, whereas in the right basal ganglia/thalamus extending to the posterior part of the insula and in the medial frontal cortex, there was a relative reduction in deactivation... Patients also showed reductions in deactivation in the right inferior frontal and left precentral gyri, as well as hypoactivation in left precuneus. ... The analyses of robustness showed that all these results were highly replicable, with the possible exception of the abnormalities in right inferior frontal gyrus..."
↑Brown, Gregory; Thompson, Wesley. "Functional Brain Imaging in Schizophrenia: Selected Results and Methods". ใน Swerdlow, Neal (บ.ก.). Behavioral Neurobiology of Schizophrenia and its Treatment. Springer. pp. 185–189.
↑Naasan, George. "The Anatomy of Delusions". ใน Lehner, T; Miller, B; State, M (บ.ก.). Genomics, Circuits, and Pathways in Clinical Neuropsychiatry. Elsevier Science. pp. 366–369.
↑Radua, J; Schmidt, A; Borgwardt, S; Heinz, A; Schlagenhauf, F; McGuire, P; Fusar-Poli, P (December 2015). "Ventral Striatal Activation During Reward Processing in Psychosis: A Neurofunctional Meta-Analysis". JAMA Psychiatry. 72 (12): 1243–51. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2196. PMID26558708.
↑ 125.0125.1125.2Young, Jared; Anticevic, Alan; Barch, Deanna. "Cognitive and Motivational Neuroscience of Psychotic Disorders". ใน Charney, Dennis; Sklar, Pamela; Nestler, Eric; Buxbaum, Joseph (บ.ก.). Neurobiology of Mental Illness (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
↑ 126.0126.1"New insights into the roles of microRNAs in drug addiction and neuroplasticity". 2010. PMID21205279. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑"Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: a neurobiological theory". 2010. PMID20149820. Recent studies on intracranial self-administration of neurochemicals (drugs) found that rats learn to self-administer various drugs into the mesolimbic dopamine structures-the posterior ventral tegmental area, medial shell nucleus accumbens and medial olfactory tubercle. ... In the 1970s it was recognized that the olfactory tubercle contains a striatal component, which is filled with GABAergic medium spiny neurons receiving glutamatergic inputs form cortical regions and dopaminergic inputs from the VTA and projecting to the ventral pallidum just like the nucleus accumbens{{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)Figure 3: The ventral striatum and self-administration of amphetamine
↑ 128.0128.1Malenka, RC; Nestler, EJ; Hyman, SE (2009). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 147–148, 367, 376. ISBN978-0-07-148127-4. VTA DA neurons play a critical role in motivation, reward-related behavior (Chapter 15), attention, and multiple forms of memory. This organization of the DA system, wide projection from a limited number of cell bodies, permits coordinated responses to potent new rewards. Thus, acting in diverse terminal fields, dopamine confers motivational salience (“wanting”) on the reward itself or associated cues (nucleus accumbens shell region), updates the value placed on different goals in light of this new experience (orbital prefrontal cortex), helps consolidate multiple forms of memory (amygdala and hippocampus), and encodes new motor programs that will facilitate obtaining this reward in the future (nucleus accumbens core region and dorsal striatum). In this example, dopamine modulates the processing of sensorimotor information in diverse neural circuits to maximize the ability of the organism to obtain future rewards. ...
The brain reward circuitry that is targeted by addictive drugs normally mediates the pleasure and strengthening of behaviors associated with natural reinforcers, such as food, water, and sexual contact. Dopamine neurons in the VTA are activated by food and water, and dopamine release in the NAc is stimulated by the presence of natural reinforcers, such as food, water, or a sexual partner. ...
The NAc and VTA are central components of the circuitry underlying reward and memory of reward. As previously mentioned, the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA appears to be linked to reward prediction. The NAc is involved in learning associated with reinforcement and the modulation of motoric responses to stimuli that satisfy internal homeostatic needs. The shell of the NAc appears to be particularly important to initial drug actions within reward circuitry; addictive drugs appear to have a greater effect on dopamine release in the shell than in the core of the NAc.{{cite book}}: |ref=harv ไม่ถูกต้อง (help); ไม่รู้จักพารามิเตอร์ |editors= ถูกละเว้น แนะนำ (|editor=) (help)
↑Malenka, Nestler & Hyman (2009), Chapter 10: Neural and Neuroendocrine Control of the Internal Milieu, p. 266 "Dopamine acts in the nucleus accumbens to attach motivational significance to stimuli associated with reward."
↑ 130.0130.1
"Pleasure systems in the brain". May 2015. PMID25950633. To summarize: the emerging realization that many diverse pleasures share overlapping brain substrates; better neuroimaging maps for encoding human pleasure in orbitofrontal cortex; identification of hotspots and separable brain mechanisms for generating ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ for the same reward; identification of larger keyboard patterns of generators for desire and dread within NAc, with multiple modes of function; and the realization that dopamine and most ‘pleasure electrode’ candidates for brain hedonic generators probably did not cause much pleasure after all.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑
"Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of addiction". November 2011. PMID21989194. ΔFosB has been linked directly to several addiction-related behaviors ... Importantly, genetic or viral overexpression of ΔJunD, a dominant negative mutant of JunD which antagonizes ΔFosB- and other AP-1-mediated transcriptional activity, in the NAc or OFC blocks these key effects of drug exposure14,22-24. This indicates that ΔFosB is both necessary and sufficient for many of the changes wrought in the brain by chronic drug exposure. ΔFosB is also induced in D1-type NAc MSNs by chronic consumption of several natural rewards, including sucrose, high fat food, sex, wheel running, where it promotes that consumption14,26-30. This implicates ΔFosB in the regulation of natural rewards under normal conditions and perhaps during pathological addictive-like states.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑
"Sex, drugs, and rock 'n' roll: hypothesizing common mesolimbic activation as a function of reward gene polymorphisms". 2012. PMID22641964. It has been found that deltaFosB gene in the NAc is critical for reinforcing effects of sexual reward. Pitchers and colleagues (2010) reported that sexual experience was shown to cause DeltaFosB accumulation in several limbic brain regions including the NAc, medial pre-frontal cortex, VTA, caudate, and putamen, but not the medial preoptic nucleus. Next, the induction of c-Fos, a downstream (repressed) target of DeltaFosB, was measured in sexually experienced and naive animals. The number of mating-induced c-Fos-IR cells was significantly decreased in sexually experienced animals compared to sexually naive controls. Finally, DeltaFosB levels and its activity in the NAc were manipulated using viral-mediated gene transfer to study its potential role in mediating sexual experience and experience-induced facilitation of sexual performance. Animals with DeltaFosB overexpression displayed enhanced facilitation of sexual performance with sexual experience relative to controls. In contrast, the expression of DeltaJunD, a dominant-negative binding partner of DeltaFosB, attenuated sexual experience-induced facilitation of sexual performance, and stunted long-term maintenance of facilitation compared to DeltaFosB overexpressing group. Together, these findings support a critical role for DeltaFosB expression in the NAc in the reinforcing effects of sexual behavior and sexual experience-induced facilitation of sexual performance. ... both drug addiction and sexual addiction represent pathological forms of neuroplasticity along with the emergence of aberrant behaviors involving a cascade of neurochemical changes mainly in the brain's rewarding circuitry.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑
"Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions". December 2011. PMID21459101. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑ 134.0134.1134.2Kapur, S; Mizrahi, R; Li, M (November 2005). "From dopamine to salience to psychosis--linking biology, pharmacology and phenomenology of psychosis". Schizophrenia Research. 79 (1): 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.01.003. PMID16005191.
↑Egerton, A; Fusar-Poli, P; Stone, JM (2012). "Glutamate and psychosis risk". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 18 (4): 466–78. doi:10.2174/138161212799316244. PMID22239577.
↑"PCP-induced alterations in cerebral glucose utilization in rat brain: Blockade by metaphit, a PCP-receptor-acylating agent". 1987. PMID2850626. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑"Comparison of haloperidol and chlorpromazine in the treatment of phencyclidine psychosis". 1984. PMID6725621. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑"Comparison of Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol and Pimozide in the Treatment of Phencyclidine Psychosis: Da-2 Receptor Specificity". 1984. PMID6535849. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑
Kalkman, HO; Loetscher, E (July 2003). "GAD(67) : the link between the GABA-deficit hypothesis and the dopaminergic- and glutamatergic theories of psychosis". Journal of Neural Transmission. 110 (7): 803–12. doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0826-8. PMID12811640.
↑
Akbarian, S; Huang, HS (September 2006). "Molecular and cellular mechanisms of altered GAD1/GAD67 expression in schizophrenia and related disorders". Brain Research Reviews. 52 (2): 293–304. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.04.001. PMID16759710.
↑Jones, HM; Pilowsky, LS (October 2002). "Dopamine and antipsychotic drug action revisited". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 181 (4): 271–5. doi:10.1192/bjp.181.4.271. PMID12356650.
↑Soyka, M; Zetzsche, T; Dresel, S; Tatsch, K (May 2000). "FDG-PET and IBZM-SPECT suggest reduced thalamic activity but no dopaminergic dysfunction in chronic alcohol hallucinosis". The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 12 (2): 287–8. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12.2.287. PMID11001615.
↑Zoldan, J; Friedberg, G; Livneh, M; Melamed, E (July 1995). "Psychosis in advanced Parkinson's disease: treatment with ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist". Neurology. 45 (7): 1305–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.45.7.1305. PMID7617188.
↑Curran, C; Byrappa, N; McBride, A (September 2004). "Stimulant psychosis: systematic review". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 185 (3): 196–204. doi:10.1192/bjp.185.3.196. PMID15339823.
↑ 152.0152.1Yudofsky, Stuart C.; Hales, Robert E. (2002). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. ISBN1-58562-032-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (ลิงก์)
↑
Essali, A; N, Al-Haj Haasan; Li, C; Rathbone, J (January 2009). "Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD000059. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000059.pub2. PMID19160174.
↑"Extrapyramidal symptoms with atypical antipsychotics: incidence, prevention and management". 2005. PMID15733025. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
↑Ost, LG (October 2014). "The efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 61: 105–21. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.018. PMID25193001.
↑Birchwood, M; Todd, P; Jackson, C (1998). "Early intervention in psychosis. The critical period hypothesis". The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement. 172 (33): 53–9. doi:10.1192/S0007125000297663. PMID9764127.
↑Berrios, GE; Beer, D (March 1994). "The notion of a unitary psychosis: a conceptual history". History of Psychiatry. 5 (17 Pt 1): 13–36. doi:10.1177/0957154X9400501702. PMID11639278.
↑Porter, Roy (2003). Madness: A Brief History. US: Oxford University Press. p. 10. ISBN978-0-19-280267-5.
↑Vlachos, IO; Beratis, S; Hartocollis, P (1997). "Magico-religious beliefs and psychosis". Psychopathology. 30 (2): 93–9. doi:10.1159/000285035. PMID9168565.
↑Pfeifer, S (September 1994). "Belief in demons and exorcism in psychiatric patients in Switzerland". The British Journal of Medical Psychology. 67 (3): 247–58. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1994.tb01794.x. PMID7803317.
↑Hippocratic corpus "Men ought to know that from the brain, and from the brain only, arise our pleasures, joys, laughter, and jests, as well as our sorrows, pains, griefs and tears. Through it, in particular, we think, see, hear, and distinguish the ugly from the beautiful, the bad from the good, the pleasant from the unpleasant…. It is the same thing which makes us mad or delirious, inspires us with dread and fear, whether by night or by day, brings sleeplessness, ino-pportune mistakes, aimless anxieties, absentmindedness, and acts that are contrary to habit."
↑"black bile", Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.), Springfield, Massachusetts, USA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003, a humor of medieval physiology believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to cause melancholy
↑"yellow bile", Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.), Springfield, Massachusetts, USA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003, a humor believed in medieval physiology to be secreted by the liver and to cause irascibility
↑Rush, Benjamin (1830). Medical Inquiries and Observations upon Diseases of the Mind. Philadelphia. pp. 98–190. ISBN978-0-559-92167-4.
↑Shorter, Edward (1998). A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-0-471-24531-5.
↑Stone, JL (March 2001). "Dr. Gottlieb Burckhardt--the pioneer of psychosurgery". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 10 (1): 79–92. doi:10.1076/jhin.10.1.79.5634. PMID11446267.
↑Gross, D; Schäfer, G (February 2011). "Egas Moniz (1874-1955) and the "invention" of modern psychosurgery: a historical and ethical reanalysis under special consideration of Portuguese original sources". Neurosurgical Focus. 30 (2): E8. doi:10.3171/2010.10.FOCUS10214. PMID21284454.
↑ 195.0195.1Pressman, Jack David (1998). Last Resort: Psychosurgery and the Limits of Medicine. Cambridge Studies in the History of Medicine. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–40. ISBN978-0-521-35371-7. OCLC36729044.
↑Berrios, GE (March 1997). "The origins of psychosurgery: Shaw, Burckhardt and Moniz". History of Psychiatry. 8 (29 pt 1): 61–81. doi:10.1177/0957154X9700802905. PMID11619209.
↑Healy, David (2002). The Creation of Psychopharmacology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN978-0-674-00619-5.
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th, DSM-5 ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. ISBN978-0-89042-554-1. {{cite book}}: |ref=harv ไม่ถูกต้อง (help)
Sims, A (2002). Symptoms in the mind: An introduction to descriptive psychopathology (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Science Ltd. ISBN978-0-7020-2627-0.
Murray, ED; Buttner, N; Price, BH (April 2012). "Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice". ใน Bradley, WG; Daroff, RB; Fenichel, GM; Jankovic, J (บ.ก.). Neurology in Clinical Practice (6th ed.). Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN978-1-4377-0434-1.
Williams, Paris (2012). Rethinking Madness: Towards a Paradigm Shift In Our Understanding and Treatment of Psychosis. Sky’s Edge Publishing. ISBN978-0-9849867-0-5.