1698年由法国、英国和荷兰共和国签订的海牙条约(英语:Treaty of The Hague (1698))规定由卡洛斯二世外甥女玛丽亚·安东尼亚(Maria Antonia)的儿子约瑟夫·斐迪南(Joseph Ferdinand)继承王位,且将西班牙部分领土给予法国和奥地利。但卡洛斯二世拒绝接受这个条约。1698年11月14日他立遗嘱将西班牙全部领土由约瑟夫继承。但约瑟夫与1699年2月死于天花,使该遗嘱无效。
1705年,聯軍因協調不力、戰術糾紛和爭奪指揮權無法更進一步,而約瑟夫一世在巴伐利亞的鐵血統治引起了短暫的農民起義(英语:Bavarian uprising of 1705–1706)。1706年5月,一支由馬爾博羅領導的聯軍在拉米伊戰役中擊潰法軍,西屬尼德蘭在不到兩週的時間內落入了大同盟的控制。法軍在餘下的戰爭中轉入守勢,直至1710年。儘管失去了如里爾等重鎮,法軍還是倚靠了沃邦防線和防守成功阻止聯軍突破法國邊界攻入法國。到了1710年,法國的邊界總體情況與1706年相比並無太大變化。
此時因連年的戰事和局勢的不利,法王路易十四決定和談,法國外交官將外交突破口放在荷蘭人,他們認為荷蘭比起其他大同盟成員更可能接受和談,因為此時法軍已經無法對荷蘭造成任何直接的軍事威脅,且荷蘭與英國在西屬尼德蘭歸屬問題上有重大分歧。和談於1708年底破裂,因為荷蘭不願在沒有英國支持下進行談判,而聯軍也無法就條款達成一致。1709年的1月,猛烈的大霜降(英语:Great Frost of 1709)在法國和西班牙造成大規模的飢荒,迫使路易十四與大同盟重啟談判,1709年5月大同盟向他提交了“海牙預備條約(西班牙语:Preliminares de La Haya)”。其中提到费利佩五世須在兩個月內將西班牙王位讓給查理大公,而如果他不遵守,法國必須用派軍將他趕走。
1710年3月至7月在荷蘭海特勒伊登貝赫的談判過程中,法國特使試圖修改“海牙預備條約(西班牙语:Preliminares de La Haya)”的苛刻條款,而這違背约瑟夫一世的目標。而荷蘭人則建議费利佩五世可以保留西西里王國和獲得薩丁島,以交換他的西班牙王位。但大同盟因設想費利佩絕對不會同意該計劃,於是再次逼迫路易十四動用兵力迫使費利佩五世放棄西班牙王位。儘管路易十四已經從西班牙召回了大部分法軍,並希望與聯軍簽署和平協議,但這個提議立刻被法國拒絕,國王說他永遠不會廢黜他的孫子以幫助他的敵人。
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