Serbia
Serbia（塞爾維亞）
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Takaray Sowal:
Sirbiya Kapolongan Kitakit(Sirbiya a sowal: Република Србија; Roma tilid:Republika Srbija; Kuwaping a tilid:塞爾維亞共和國). O itiraay i Parkan-Pecihkanatal a kitakit, kaitiraan i katimol no sakawali no Yoropa, ilaloma’ay no karopaw no Parkan-Pecihkanatal a kitakit, malalocok ko kalala’edan ato Montonikoro(Црна Гора), Posiniya ato Hersaykowina(Bosna i Hercegovina/Босна и Херцеговина),Koroaysiya(Republika Hrvatska),Syongyali(Magyarország),Romaniya(România),Pokariya(Република България; Latin a sowal: Republika Bŭlgariya),Ka’amisay Maciton:(Maciton a sowal:Република Северна Македонија; Roma a tilid:Republika Severna Makedonija）ato Kosofo(Republika Kosovo).
Rikisi(歷史)
Na i’ayaw to 8500 mihecan, itira i tatapangan a niyaro’ Pirkoro iraay to ko malahiciay a fa’elohay nafakelohan punka, o Stasaywo-Punka (Starčevo culture;斯塔賽沃文化) , i’ayaw no 6000 mihecaan iraay to itini ko tata’angay a niyaro’ o Winca-Punka hananay. O Soloy-tamdaw mikownay to Sirpiya, to ikor to i ‘ayaw no sakasepat no sici o Kirisiya tamdaw macowat ko satimolan no Sirpiya, mala’amisay no ikoray a Yarisanta Tata’angay Honti a kitakit. o Roma a tamdaw itiyaay to i ‘ayaw no saka 2 sici a misatapang micowat to Sirpiya, malosigo’an no sakowan, ora saka ira ko 17 a honti no Roma itiniay i Sirpiya a sofocen.
I sa’ayawan no 1910 mihecaan itira i Sakacecay Parkan-Pecihkanatal Lalood ato Sakatosa Parkan-Pecihkanatal Lalood,pasitimol ko kacowat no sera no Sirpiya, mapalolol ko Kosofo a pala, patokeled sa a mipatateko to Maciton Kapolongan kitakit,nikawrira, o i saka’amisay a pala ono Awsyong Hotian a sakowan, cowa ka i laloma’ no Sirpiya.
1914 miheca saka 6 folad saka 28 romi’ad,o Misaca'emot to Finacadan a tamdaw ci Kafulilo-Posilinpo( Sirpiya a sowal: Гаврило Принцип；Latin a tilid: Gavrilo Princip)kowangen ningra a mipatay ko mipalafangay a wawa no Honti no Awsyon ci Faranci-Fitinan ato fafahi ningra ci Sofi. 7 folad saka 28 romi’ad milekal to Sirpiya ko Awsyong Hontian Kitakit a malalood, onini ko lalengatan no Sakacecay Lalood no Hekal. O makatepay no Awsyong Hontian Kitakit, Toic Hontian Kitakit ato Porkaliya Hontian Kitakit mapapolong a mifora to Sirpiya, ma’eco a maaro’ ko Sirpiya.
1918 mihecaan, malowid no Sirpiya ko Lekatepay-Kitakit, mapalolol ko Sirpiya a kitakit,toya miheca saka 12 folad mapapolong ato fiyaw a kitakit Montonikoro ato oya nikowanan no Awsyong Hontian Kitakit o Srofako, Koroaysiya, Posiniya ato Foyfotina kitakit patireng to ’ayaway a Nansirafo Kitakit, i laloma’ noni kitakit ira ko Sirpiya tamdaw,Koroaysiya tamdaw ato Srofaniya tamdaw.
I Sakatosa Lalood no Hekal macikcik no Tokodan-Kitakit o Awsyong Hotian Kitakit,Arpaniya, Toic ato Porkaliya, o kakomodan no Nansirafo Kitakit ci Yisofo Puloci Tito(Sirpiya a sowal:Јосип Броз Тито;Roma a tilid:Josip Broz Tito) malowid ningra ko Naci-Toic.
1945 miheca, micomod ko sofitay no Rosiya i Nansirafo, micoker ci Titoan malasakaay a kakeridan nona kitakit, patireng to Kyosanto ko mamikowan a kitakit to Nasirafo Syakaisiwki Kapolongan Kitakit. 1961 miheca, ci Tito ato congton no Aykipto ci Ciamayle AtotuNaso Haysan(Arapiya a sowal: جمال عبد الناصر حسين; Roma a tilid:Jamāl ʻAbdu n-Nāṣir Ḥusayn) ato Conli no India ci Ciawahalar Niheru(India a sowal: जवाहरलाल नेहरू) malacafay a patireng to ’’Cowa ka pikapot a lekatep’’ sanay a saopo, ci Tito ko kakeridan nangra a pacomahad to syakaisiwki-kali’aca a faco, orasaka o sacipaysoay itini i sak’etipay a kyosangto a kitakit.
Tahira to i 1990 mihecahecaan, matekop ko Nansirafo a kitakit, i 1992 miheca Nansirfo ato Montikoro miliyaw a patireng to Nansirafo Kapolongan Kitakit. 1999 miheca ikor no kalalood ato Kosofo mapatireng no Linheko ko Pacarcaray Mikowan no Kosofo. Saka 6 folad saka 3 romi’ad laheci sato milekal ko pikaykian to pisiiked no Kosofo, i saka 6 folad saka 5 romi’ad o pikaykian no kitakit no Sirpiya milekal to pisiikeday a kitakit o mirocokay to ’ayaway a Sirpiya kitakit. Itiya sato i 2008 miheca saka 2 folad saka 17 romi’ad lonok sa ko Kosofo a miliyas to Sirpiya misiiked a patireng to kitakit, cowa ka pihai ko Sirpiya to nini.
Kaitiraan(地理)
Itiraay i kakatekoan no lalan no sifo’ay ato satimolan a Yoropa ko Sirpiya a kitakit, o ilaloma’anay no karopaw a kitakit,o dadahal no sera ira ko 88,361km² (malapot ko Kosofo). o
Panoniya Dafadaf mahaopay ko cecay no kalitolo no sa’amisay no kitakit, nikawrira, o lotok ‘i, mahaopay ko cecay no kalitolo no satimolan no kitakit,o sera no Sirpiya sahetoay o masakaratay a pala, matiya o salil ko ‘alo romakat i ‘edef no kitakit, oninian ‘alo saheto mitekoay i Tonaw-’Alo ta micomod i Kohetingay-Riyar, o Tonaw-’Alo ilaloma’ no Sirpiya ira ko 588km ko ka to’edaw, o tadakalimelaan a nanom konini.
Masiwar no Yoropa-Karopaw, Tasiyang ato Sifo’an-Riyar ko kakarayan, o lalen no fa’edet 0°C i kasi’enawan, isakapito a fold lalen a fa’edet 20°C.
O sera no Sirpiya mahaop ko 29.1% o matahepoay no kilakilangan, o dadahal no kilakilangan ira ko 2,252,000 kofo, o karanih no tataparan no kilakilangan 5.29/10 ko ka lalen.itini i Sirpiya pakaala to 39% a cidodohay kina’orip,51 % a fotifotinan, 40% cacoay ato ‘a’adopen, 74% a ’ayam ato mipacocoay a ‘a’adopen. O kakaolahan no masamaamaanay a pina’orip itini.
Kasasilsil no sakowan(行政區劃)
O polong no Sirpiya ‘i, o katatekoan no Sifo’ay Sirpiya, Kosofo ato Foyfotina polongen 29 ko karopaw, ira ho ko Tadekan Sakowan no sakakaay sifo o Pirkorato,ilaloma’ nonini ’i,Kosofo ira ko 5 sakowan, Foyfotina7 ko sakowan ato adekan Sakowan no sakakaay sifo o Pirkorato, ikararem no sakowan o etal, o Kosofo ira ko 30 a etal, Foyfotina ira ko 54 a etal.
Tamdaw (人口)
Nani 1990 miheca karacemcemay to ko kalwan no tamdaw no Sirpia, caay ka citolas ko kapatay no tamdaw to mihecahecaan, pakitinien i sa’osi ’i, i 1990 miheca ira ko 300,000ko miliyasay to Sirpiya, ilaloma’ no nini ’i,mahaop ko 20% o citanengay a tamdaw. Orasaka, o lalen a mihecaan no kalotamdaw i,42.9%,away ko ikakaay to Sirapiya ko kakerem no tamdaw itini i hekal. Cecay no kalilima a loma’ cecayay ko tamdaw,cecay no kalisepat a loma’ sasepatay ko tamdaw. O lalen no polong a tamdaw no Sirpiya 76.1 mihecaan.
Sirpiya a tamdaw ira ko 600 ofad,o sakakaay ko ka’aloman no tamadaw, mahaop ko83%, Syongyali a tamdaw ira ko 25 ofad, o saaway ko tamdaw i Sirpiya, mahaop ko 3.5%, i saka’amisay no Foyfotina sakowan, o Posiniya a tamdaw 14.5 ofad, itiraay i katimol no saka’etip ko kamaro’an nangra, ira ko roma a mamangay ko tamdaw a finacadan o Koroaysiya, Arpaniya, Montonikoro, Folahe, Romaniya, Mociton ato Pawciyaliya, o Kuwaping a tamdaw ira ko 15000 tamdaw, o dengay o caay ko Yoropa a tamdaw.
Sapili’etan kicai(經濟)
O mili’etanay ko kicai no Sirpiya, itini i polong no kitakit isifoay ko katakaraw no ’eten no kalotamdaw no Sirpiya. Tooren ko pisa’osi no Hekalay a Kiking no Payso a Lekatep (International Monetary Fund，IMF) i 2018 miheca o Kapolongan a Nitayalan 'Epoc Ilaloma' no kitakit (GDP) ira ko 506.51 ok payso no Amirika, o lalen no mi’etanan no kalotamdaw ira ko17,555 payso no Amirika. O mihamhamay to lafang a tayal ko sakakay kaci’etan, ilaloma’ no GDP mahaop ko 67.9%, do’edo sa o masanga’ay to dafong,mahaop i GDP to 6%.
Nani 2000 miheca masorot ko babicowacoway a payso pateli i sakatayal no Sirpiya, o masortay a payso ira ko 400 ok payso no Amirika, ira ko Fiyato misanga’ay to tosiya, Simonci, Filipomorisu, Miciling, kokakora… itini i saparakat to kikay a kinairaira i,o palapalan kaso no Rosiya ato Roko Kasolin, o saadihayay ko pipateli to pasyso. Ira ho misanga’ay to Stinlis ato ‘ekeng a kofa no Congko.
Oni pasadakan a dafong i 2018 miheca ira ko 192 ok payso no Amirika.Ci Safulo komi honyakuay tonini a tilid.
Tahapinangan Tilid (註腳)
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