Al-Nayrizi

In this article, we will address the topic of Al-Nayrizi, exploring its many facets and its relevance today. Al-Nayrizi is a topic that has aroused interest and curiosity over time, sparks debate and opinion in various areas and has left its mark on society. Along these lines, we will analyze different perspectives on Al-Nayrizi, delving into its origins, evolution and impact on contemporary culture. From its impact on daily life to its implications in the professional field, Al-Nayrizi is a vital topic that deserves to be explored in detail and that encourages us to reflect on its influence on our lives.

Al-Nayrizi
أبو العباس الفضل بن حاتم النيريزي
Bornc. 865
Diedc. 922
Academic work
EraIslamic Golden Age
Main interestsMathematics, astronomy

Abū’l-‘Abbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim al-Nairīzī (Arabic: أبو العباس الفضل بن حاتم النيريزي; Persian: ابوالعباس فضل بن حاتم نیریزی; Latin: Anaritius, Nazirius, c. 865 – c. 922) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer from Nayriz, now in Fars Province, Iran.

Life

Little is known of al-Nairīzī, though his nisba refers to the town of Neyriz. He mentioned al-Mu'tadid, the Abbasid caliph, in his works, and so scholars have assumed that al-Nairīzī flourished in Baghdad during this period. Al-Nairīzī wrote a book for al-Mu'tadid on atmospheric phenomena. He died in c. 922.

Mathematics

Al-Nayrizi wrote a commentary to the translation in Arabic by Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar of Euclid's Elements. Both the translation and the commentary have survived, as well as a 12th-century Latin translation by Gerard of Cremona. Al-Nayrizi's commentary contains unique extracts of two other commentaries on the Elements, produced by Hero of Alexandria and Simplicius of Cilicia.

Al-Nairīzī used the umbra (versa), the equivalent to the tangent, as a genuine trigonometric line, as did the Persian astronomer al-Marwazi before him. He gave a proof of the Pythagorean theorem using the Pythagorean tiling.

Al-Nayrizi gave a mathematical proof of the parallel postulate based on the assumption that parallel lines are equidistant. He wrote a treatise on an exact method for the numerical determination of the kibla and a text about a device for measuring the heights, widths, and depths.

Astronomy

Al-Nairīzī wrote a treatise on the spherical astrolabe, an elaborate work that seems to be the best Persian work on the subject. It is divided into four books:

  1. An historical and critical introduction of the astrolabe;
  2. A description of the instrument; and a comparison with other astronomical instruments;
  3. Applications of the instrument;
  4. Applications of the instrument.

Ibn al-Nadim mentions Nayrizi as a distinguished astronomer with eight works by him listed in his book al-Fihrist.[citation needed]

Al-Nayrizi's most important astronomical works, his commentary on Ptolemy's Almagest and both his zijes, are lost. He produced treatises on the spherical astrolabe and astrological conjunctions, both of which are extant.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Hogendijk 1986, p. 1050.
  2. ^ a b c Sarton 1962, pp. 598–599.
  3. ^ Nelsen 2003.

Sources

  • Hogendijk, J.P. (1986). "Al-Nayrīzī". The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 7. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-09419-9.
  • Nelsen, Roger B. (2003). "Paintings, plane tilings, and proofs" (PDF). Math Horizons. 11 (2). Mathematical Association of America: 5–8. doi:10.1080/10724117.2003.12021741. S2CID 126000048.
  • Sarton, George (1962). Introduction to the History of Science. Vol. 1. Baltimore, Maryland: Published for the Carnegie Institution of Washington, by the Williams & Wilkins Co. OCLC 1238437.

Texts and translations

  • Euclid (1893). Besthorn, R. O.; Heiberg, J. L. (eds.). Codex Leidensis 339, I. Euclidis Elementa (in Latin and Arabic). Translated by Abū ʹl ʹAbbās al-Fadhl ibn Hātim al-Narīzī. Haunia (Copenhagen): Libraria Glydendaliana. OCLC 66287985.
  • Al-Nairīzī, Abū’l-‘Abbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim (1993). Tummers, P. M. J. E. (ed.). Anaritius' Commentary on Euclid. The Latin Translation, I-IV (in Latin). Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN 978-90-70419-35-6.

Further reading

External links

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia