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Almost perfect number

In today's article we are going to analyze the importance of Almost perfect number in our lives. Almost perfect number is a topic that has gained relevance in recent years, and more and more people are interested in learning more about it. In this article we will delve into various aspects related to Almost perfect number, from its origins and evolution, to its impact on current society. In addition, we will examine how Almost perfect number has influenced different areas, such as culture, technology, economics, and even politics. Without a doubt, Almost perfect number has been a determining factor in the way we live and think today. Join us in this exploration of Almost perfect number and discover why it is so relevant to the world we live in.

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Demonstration, with Cuisenaire rods, that the number 8 is almost perfect, and deficient.
Unsolved problem in mathematics
Do any non-power of 2 almost perfect numbers exist?

In mathematics, an almost perfect number (sometimes also called slightly defective or least deficient number) is a natural number n such that the sum of all divisors of n (the sum-of-divisors function σ(n)) is equal to 2n − 1, the sum of all proper divisors of n, s(n) = σ(n) − n, then being equal to n − 1. The only known almost perfect numbers are powers of 2 with non-negative exponents (sequence A000079 in the OEIS). Therefore the only known odd almost perfect number is 20 = 1, and the only known even almost perfect numbers are those of the form 2k for some positive integer k; however, it has not been shown that all almost perfect numbers are of this form. It is known that an odd almost perfect number greater than 1 would have at least six prime factors.[1][2]

If m is an odd almost perfect number then m(2m − 1) is a Descartes number.[3] Moreover if a and b are positive odd integers such that and such that 4ma and 4m + b are both primes, then m(4ma)(4m + b) would be an odd weird number.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ Kishore, Masao (1978). "Odd integers N with five distinct prime factors for which 2−10−12 < σ(N)/N < 2+10−12" (PDF). Mathematics of Computation. 32: 303–309. doi:10.2307/2006281. ISSN 0025-5718. JSTOR 2006281. MR 0485658. Zbl 0376.10005.
  2. ^ Kishore, Masao (1981). "On odd perfect, quasiperfect, and odd almost perfect numbers". Mathematics of Computation. 36 (154): 583–586. doi:10.2307/2007662. ISSN 0025-5718. JSTOR 2007662. Zbl 0472.10007.
  3. ^ Banks, William D.; Güloğlu, Ahmet M.; Nevans, C. Wesley; Saidak, Filip (2008). "Descartes numbers". In De Koninck, Jean-Marie; Granville, Andrew; Luca, Florian (eds.). Anatomy of integers. Based on the CRM workshop, Montreal, Canada, March 13–17, 2006. CRM Proceedings and Lecture Notes. Vol. 46. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. pp. 167–173. ISBN 978-0-8218-4406-9. Zbl 1186.11004.
  4. ^ Melfi, Giuseppe (2015). "On the conditional infiniteness of primitive weird numbers". Journal of Number Theory. 147: 508–514. doi:10.1016/j.jnt.2014.07.024.

Further reading