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Andrew Yuryevich Bogolubsky | |
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Right-Believing, Passion Bearer | |
Born | unknown Rostov, Kievan Rus' |
Died | 28 June 1174 Bogolyubovo, Vladimir-Suzdal |
Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church |
Canonized | 15 October 1702 (Translation), Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir by Russian Orthodox Church |
Major shrine | Dormition cathedral, Vladimir |
Feast | 4 July (burial), 30 June, 23 June, 10 October, 25 May |
Attributes | Clothed as a Russian Grand Prince, holding a three-bar cross in his right hand |
Patronage | Russian NBC Protection Troops |
Andrey Bogolyubsky (died 28 June 1174; Russian: Андрей Ю́рьевич Боголюбский, romanized: Andrey Yuryevich Bogolyubsky, lit. Andrey Yuryevich of Bogolyubovo), was Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1157 until his death. During repeated internecine wars between the princely clans, Andrey accompanied his father Yuri Dolgorukiy during a brief capture of Kiev in 1149; 20 years later, he led the Sack of Kiev (1169), and made efforts to elevate Vladimir on the Klyazma as the new capital of Kievan Rus'. He was canonized as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church in 1702.
Andrey Bogolyubsky was born ca. 1111,[where?][citation needed] to a daughter of Ayyub Khan, the Kipchak leader, and to Yuri I Vladimirovich (Russian: Юрий Владимирович), commonly known as Yuri Dolgoruki (Russian: Юрий Долгорукий). Yuri was a son of Volodimer II Monomakh, progenitor of the Monomakhovichi. Yuri proclaimed Andrey a prince in Vyshgorod (near Kiev).[citation needed]
Andrey left Vyshgorod in 1155 and moved to Vladimir,[citation needed] a little town on the river Klyazma founded in 1108. After his father's death in 1157, he became Knyaz (prince) of Vladimir, Rostov and Suzdal. He commenced the construction of fortifications around the town of Vladimir in 1158 (completed in 1164), as well as the Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir. In 1162, Andrey sent an embassy to Constantinople, lobbying for a separate metropolitan see in Vladimir. Fortifications around Vladimir were completed in 1164. The same year Andrey attacked the Volga Bolgars; he won a victory, but a son was killed in battle, to whose memory he ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl in 1165.
In 1169 Andrey's troops sacked Kiev, devastating it as never before. After plundering the city, stealing much religious artwork, which included the Byzantine "Mother of God" icon. Andrey appointed his brother Gleb as prince of Kiev, in an attempt to unify his lands with Kiev. Following his brother's death in 1171, Andrey became embroiled in a two-year war to maintain control over Kiev, which ended in his defeat.
Andrey established for himself the right to receive tribute from the populations of the Northern Dvina lands.[citation needed] As "ruler of all Suzdal land",[This quote needs a citation] Bogolyubsky transferred the capital to Vladimir, strengthened it, and constructed the Assumption Cathedral, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, and other churches and monasteries. Under his leadership Vladimir was much enlarged, and fortifications were built around the city.
During Andrey's reign, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality achieved significant power, and it became the strongest among the Kievan Rus' principalities.[citation needed] The expansion of his princely authority, and his conflicts with the upper nobility, the boyars, gave rise to a conspiracy that resulted in Bogolyubsky's death on the night of 28–29 June 1174, when twenty of them burst into his chambers and slew him in his bed.
According to the story of Andrey Bogolyubsky's death as recorded in the Kievan Chronicle of the Hypatian Codex (Ipatiev), and the Radziwiłł Chronicle, his "right hand" was cut off by an assailant called "Peter" (Петръ):
However, the Radziwiłł Chronicle's adjoining miniature depicts his assailants cutting off his left arm. Moreover, when Dmitry Gerasimovich Rokhlin examined the exhumed body of Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1965, he "found a lot of cut marks on the left humerus and forearm bones". A 2009 special historical study by Russian historian A.V. Artcikhovsky (2009) would later confirm Rokhlin's observations.
With his wife, Andrey Bogolyubsky had one son, Yury Bogolyubsky, who became the husband of Queen Tamar of Georgia.[citation needed]