In this article we will explore the fascinating world of Arcaicam Esperantom and all the dimensions that surround it. From its origins to its impact today, we will immerse ourselves in a journey that will lead us to discover its multiple facets and possible interpretations. Arcaicam Esperantom is a topic that has aroused the interest of many people throughout history, and in this article we will try to shed light on its mysteries and unravel its possible meanings. Get ready to enter a universe full of surprises and discoveries, as we explore together everything Arcaicam Esperantom has to offer. Do not miss it!
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Archaic Esperanto | |
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Arcaicam Esperantom | |
Pronunciation | arka'ikam espe'rantom |
Created by | Manuel Halvelik |
Date | around 1969 |
Purpose | Constructed language
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Latin, Fraktur | |
Signuno | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
IETF | eo-arkaika |
Part of a series on |
Esperanto |
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Arcaicam Esperantom (English: Archaic Esperanto; Esperanto: arĥaika Esperanto, arkaika Esperanto), is an auxiliary sociolect for translating literature into Esperanto created to act as a fictional 'Old Esperanto', in the vein of languages such as Middle English or the use of Latin citations in modern texts.
It was created by linguist Manuel Halvelik as part of a range of stylistic variants including Gavaro (slang) and Popido (patois), forming Serio La Sociolekta Triopo.
Halvelik also compiled a scientific vocabulary closer to Greco-Latin roots and proposed its application to fields such as taxonomy and linguistics. He gave this register of Esperanto the name Uniespo (Uniëspo, Universala Esperanto, 'Universal Esperanto').
The idea of an "old Esperanto" was proposed by the Hungarian poet Kalman Kalocsay who in 1931 included a translation of the Funeral Sermon and Prayer, the first Hungarian text (12th century), with hypothetic forms as if Esperanto were a Romance language deriving from Vulgar Latin.
La Sociolekta Triopo (the sociolect triple) does not create new Esperantidos (e.g. Esperanto II), but its sole purpose—including Arcaicam Esperantom—is to reflect styles in literature translated into Esperanto, like the Berlin Middle-German dialect spoken by characters in Carl Zuckmayer's Captain of Köpenick (Popido), or ancient styles in Walter Scott's Ivanhoe (Arcaicam Esperantom).
La Sociolekta Triopo thus constitutes not three new constructed languages, but constructed auxiliary sociolects for Esperanto, understandable by every reader of Esperanto but still providing the stylistic differences between dialects (Popido), slang (Gavaro), and ancient forms contrasting with Fundamento, standard Esperanto, e.g. in works of Mark Twain (slang and southern dialect) or The Lord of the Rings (Arcaicam Esperantom for the elves, Popido for the Hobbits).
Esperanto | Arcaicam Esperantom |
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c | tz |
ĉ | ch |
f | ph |
ĝ | gh |
ĥ | qh |
j | y |
ĵ | zh |
ŝ | sh |
v | w |
The three following rules are also added:
Halvelik recommends blackletter and uncial types.
Pronouns are changed as:
English | Esperanto | Arcaicam Esperantom |
---|---|---|
I | mi | mihi |
thou/you (singular) | ci | tu |
he | li | lùi |
she | ŝi | eshi |
it | ĝi | eghi |
we | ni | nos |
you (plural) | vi | wos |
they | ili | ilùi |
Reflexive pronoun (pronoun)+self* | si | sihi |
*herself/himself/itself/themselves
Ex: The modern Esperanto verb esti (to be), present tense:
The Arcaicam Esperantom verb estir (to be), present tense:
The other verb tenses behave the same way, as does the conditional mood:
The imperative mood behaves differently from that pattern:
Language | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | ||||
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singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Arcaicam Esperantom | ~om | ~oy | ~on | ~oyn | ~od | ~oyd | ~es | ~eys |
Esperanto | ~o | ~oj | ~on | ~ojn | al x~o | al x~oj | de ~o | de ~oj |
English | Cases | Adjectival form | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Genitive | Accusative | Dative | ||
I |
mihi |
mihes |
mihin |
mihid |
mihiam |
you (sg.) |
tu |
tues |
tuin |
tuid |
tuam |
he |
lùi |
lùies |
lùin |
lùid |
lùiam |
she |
eshi |
eshies |
eshin |
eshid |
eshiam |
it |
eghi |
eghies |
eghin |
eghid |
eghiam |
we |
nos |
noses |
nosin |
nosid |
nosam |
you (pl.) |
wos |
woses |
wosin |
wosid |
wosam |
they |
ilùi |
ilùies |
ilùin |
ilùid |
ilùiam |
(possessive pron.) + -self |
sihi |
sihes |
sihin |
sihid |
sihiam |
(Note: Ali-, which in modern Esperanto is not a correlative despite its use in that fashion by some, becomes in Arcaicam Esperantom as altri- a full-fledged correlative.)
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Version with cognates in standard Esperanto:
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Arcaicam Esperantom | Esperanto: Romeo kaj Julieta | Shakespeare: R&J II, 2 (Lines rearranged to correspond) | ||
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Por presado oni elektu ornamitajn litertipojn, nekutimajn, prefere uncialajn* kaj gotikajn.[For printing, choose ornamental, unusual types, uncial and Gothic in preference.]
dativo. La lasta funtsias [sic] kiel la kutima "direkta akuzativo" :