In today's world, Benzoylecgonine, whether as a topic of debate, as a relevant character or as an emblematic date, has acquired significant importance in various areas. Whether in politics, culture, science or everyday life, Benzoylecgonine has positioned itself as a key element that sets the tone for our actions and decisions. In this article, we will analyze the impact and relevance of Benzoylecgonine in different contexts, as well as its influence on our society. Since its appearance, Benzoylecgonine has aroused notable interest and its presence continues to generate debate and reflection today.
Names | |
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IUPAC name
3β-(Benzoyloxy)tropane-2β-carboxylic acid
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Systematic IUPAC name
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(Benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclooctane-2-carboxylic acid | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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89637 | |
ChEBI | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.513 |
EC Number |
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KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C16H19NO4 | |
Molar mass | 289.331 g·mol−1 |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H301 | |
P264, P270, P301+P310, P321, P330, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
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Benzoylecgonine is the main metabolite of cocaine, formed by the liver and excreted in the urine. It is the compound tested for in most cocaine urine drug screens and in wastewater screenings for cocaine use.
Chemically, benzoylecgonine is the benzoate ester of ecgonine. It is a primary metabolite of cocaine, and is pharmacologically inactive. It is the corresponding carboxylic acid of cocaine, its methyl ester. It is formed in the liver by the metabolism of cocaine by hydrolysis, catalysed by carboxylesterases, and subsequently excreted in the urine. It is readily synthesised by boiling cocaine freebase in water.
Benzoylecgonine is the compound tested for in most substantive cocaine drug urinalyses.
Benzoylecgonine is sometimes found in drinking water supplies. In 2005, scientists found surprisingly large quantities of benzoylecgonine in Italy's Po River and used its concentration to estimate the number of cocaine users in the region. In 2006, a similar study was performed in the Swiss ski town of Saint-Moritz using wastewater to estimate the daily cocaine consumption of the population. A study done in the United Kingdom found traces of benzoylecgonine in the country's drinking water supply, along with carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant) and ibuprofen (a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), although the study noted that the amount of each compound present was several orders of magnitude lower than the therapeutic dose and therefore did not pose a risk to the population.
Preliminary studies on ecological systems show that benzoylecgonine has potential toxicity issues. Research is being conducted on degradation options such as advanced oxidation and photocatalysis for this metabolite in an effort to reduce concentrations in waste and surface waters. At environmentally relevant concentrations, benzoylecgonine has been shown to have a negative ecological impact.