In today's world, Bressummer has acquired indisputable relevance in multiple areas of our society. Both on a personal and professional level, Bressummer has become a topic of interest that generates debate, reflection and action. From its impact on mental health to its influence on the global economy, Bressummer has aroused the interest of academics, experts, and citizens concerned about understanding, analyzing and, where appropriate, improving the current situation in relation to this issue. In this article, we will explore different aspects of Bressummer and its importance in daily life, as well as possible approaches to address its challenges and opportunities.
Load-bearing beam in a timber-framed building
Look up bressummer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
A bressummer, breastsummer, summer beam (somier, sommier, sommer, somer, cross-somer, summer, summier, summer-tree, or dorman, dormant tree) is a load-bearing beam in a timber-framed building. The word summer derived from sumpter or French sommier, "a pack horse", meaning "bearing great burden or weight". "To support a superincumbent wall", "any beast of burden", and in this way is similar to a wall plate.
The use and definition of these terms vary but generally a bressummer is a jettysill and a summer is an interior beam supporting ceiling joists, see below:
(UK) In the outward part of the building, and the middle floors (not in the garrets or ground floors) into which the girders are framed. In the inner parts of a building, such beams are called "summers". It is part of the timber-frame construction in the overhanging upper story in jettying.
(UK) "Horizontal beam over a fireplace opening (alternatively lintel, mantel beam), or set forward from the lower part of a building to support a jettied wall, a jetty bressummer".
(UK) "...usually the sill of the upper wall above a jetty; otherwise any beam spanning an opening and supporting a wall above." also called a "jetty sill".
(UK) Breastsummer is a beam in a wall which carries the load over a large opening derived from breast being in the front, mid-level and summer: "A horizontal, bearing beam in a building; spec. the main beam supporting the girders or joists of a floor...".
"a main piece of timber that supports a building, an architrave between two pillars"
"Breast-Summer, an architectural term for a beam employed like a lintel to support the front of a building, is a corruption of bressumer..."
(US) "Summer beam: A large timber spanning a room and supporting smaller floor joists on both sides."
(US) "Summer beam. Heavy main horizontal beam, anchored in gable foundation walls, that supports forebay beams and barn frame above."
^Palmer, Abram Smythe. Folk-Etymology: A Dictionary of Verbal Corruptions or Words Perverted in Form or Meaning, by False Derivation or Mistaken Analogy (1882), quoting Parker's Glossary of Architecture.
^Ensminger, Robert F. The Pennsylvania barn: its origin, evolution, and distribution in North America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. p.392.