Brisingida

In today's world, Brisingida is a topic that has generated a lot of interest and debate. For years, Brisingida has been the subject of study and research, and its importance has increased over time. Both in the academic field and in the general public, Brisingida has captured the attention of many people due to its relevance in different aspects of society. In this article, we will explore various aspects related to Brisingida, from its origin and evolution to its impact today. Through an exhaustive analysis, we will seek to understand in depth how Brisingida has influenced different areas and what perspectives are opening up around this topic.

Brisingida
Brisingid sea star
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Superorder: Forcipulatacea
Order: Brisingida
Fisher, 1928
Families

See text.

The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida.

Description

These starfish have between 6 and 18 long, attenuated arms which they use for suspension feeding. Other characteristics include a single series of marginals, a fused ring of disc plates, the lack of actinal plates, a spool-like ambulacral column, reduced abactinal plates, and crossed pedicellariae. They are 40 times the size of disk radius and have 7–20 flexible spiny arms.

Distribution

Brisingida occur in a number of deep-sea locations, particularly in the Caribbean and New Zealand.

An orange brisingid on black coral at 1,950 m in California, Davidson Seamount

This type of species are found of varying size especially in the eastern Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1,820–2,418 m.

Taxonomy

The Brisingida contain two families, with 18 genera:

  • Family Brisingidae, G.O. Sars, 1875
    • Genus Astrolirus, Fisher, 1917 — (two species)
    • Genus Astrostephane, Fisher, 1917 — (two species)
    • Genus Brisinga Asbjørnsen, 1856 (synonym: Craterobrisinga, Fisher, 1916) — (20 species)
    • Genus Brisingaster Loriol, 1883 — (monotypic)
    • Genus Brisingella Fisher, 1917 — (monotypic)
    • Genus Brisingenes Fisher, 1917 — (four species)
    • Genus Hymenodiscus Perrier, 1884 — (16 species)
    • Genus Midgardia Downey, 1972 — (monotypic)
    • Genus Novodinia Dartnall, Pawson, Pope & B.J. Smith, 1969 (synonym: Odinia, Perrier, 1885) — (13 species)
    • Genus Odinella Fisher, 1940 — (monotypic)
    • Genus Stegnobrisinga Fisher, 1916 — (three species)
  • Family Freyellidae, Downey, 1986
    • Genus Astrocles Fisher, 1917 — (three species)
    • Genus Belgicella Ludwig, 1903 — (monotypic)
    • Genus Colpaster Sladen, 1889 — (two species)
    • Genus Freyastera Downey, 1986 — (six species)
    • Genus Freyella Perrier, 1885 (synonym: Freyellidea, Fisher, 1917) — (31 species)
    • Genus Freyellaster Fisher 1918 — (five species)

References

  1. ^ "Asteroidea". Tolweb.org. 2004-10-07. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  2. ^ a b Mah, C. (2014). Mah CL (ed.). "Brisingida". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
  3. ^ "Asterozoa: Fossil groups: SciComms 05-06: Earth Sciences". Palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk. 2005-11-22. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  4. ^ "Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with Description of a New Genus and Family" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  5. ^ a b Zhang; et al. (May 27, 2020). "A new sponge-associated starfish, Astrolirus patricki sp. nov. (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Brisingidae), from the northwestern Pacific seamounts" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-03.
  6. ^ "Data Use Agreement – GBIF Portal". Gbif.net. 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ Mah, C. (2014). Mah CL (ed.). "Brisingidae G.O. Sars, 1875". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
  8. ^ "Antarctic Invertebrates: Brisingida". Invertebrates.si.edu. 1970-01-01. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  9. ^ Mah, C. (2014). Mah CL (ed.). "Freyellidae Downey, 1986". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.

Further reading

  • Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336–351 (look up in IMIS)
  • Clark, A.M. and M.E. Downey. (1992). Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall: London, UK. ISBN 0-412-43280-3. xxvi, 794 pp. (look up in IMIS)
  • Downey. M.E. (1986). Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No.435. 57pp.
  • Fisher, W.K. (1917). New genera and species of Brisingidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 20(8): 418–431.
  • Sladen, W.P. (1889). Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876, Zoology 30(51): xlii + 893 pages 118 plates.
  • Clark, A.M.and Mah, C. (2001). An index of names of recent Asteroidea, part 4. Forcipulatida and Brisingida, in: Jangoux, M.; Lawrence, J.M. (Ed.) (2001). Echinoderm Studies, 6: pp. 229–347 (look up in IMIS)


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