Clathrina
Today, Clathrina is a topic that has become increasingly relevant in various areas of society. From politics to science, through culture and technology, Clathrina has become a point of interest for researchers, experts and the general public. With an impact that reaches globally, Clathrina has generated debates, studies and even social movements around its implications and consequences. In this article, we will explore the role of Clathrina in today's society, analyzing its importance, its challenges and the possible solutions that have been proposed in this regard.
| Clathrina | |
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| Clathrina clathrus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Calcarea |
| Order: | Clathrinida |
| Family: | Clathrinidae |
| Genus: | Clathrina Gray, 1867 |
| Synonyms | |
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Clathrina is a genus of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae. Several species formerly in Clathrina were transferred to the newly erected genera Arturia, Ernstia, Borojevia, and Brattegardia in 2013. The name is derived from the Latin word "clathratus" meaning "latticed".
Description
Species of Clathrina have a tubular organization as all species of the family Clathrinidae, with the cormus composed of anastomosed tubes. The skeleton contains spicules in the form of triactines and/or tetractines, sometimes with diactines, tripods and tetrapods as well. The choanoderm is usually flat, never forming folds when the sponge is extended.
Species
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There are 68 species assigned to Clathrina.
- Clathrina angraensis Azevedo & Klautau, 2007
- Clathrina antofagastensis Azevedo, Hajdu, Willenz & Klautau, 2009
- Clathrina aphrodita Azevedo, Cóndor-Luján, Willenz, Hajdu, Hooker & Klautau, 2015
- Clathrina arabica (Miklucho-Maclay in Haeckel, 1872)
- Clathrina arnesenae (Rapp, 2006)
- Clathrina aurea Solé-Cava, Klautau, Boury-Esnault, Borojevic & Thorpe, 1991
- Clathrina beckingae Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015
- Clathrina blanca (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868)
- Clathrina broendstedi Rapp, Janussen & Tendal, 2011
- Clathrina camura (Rapp, 2006)
- Clathrina cancellata (Verrill, 1873)
- Clathrina ceylonensis (Dendy, 1905)
- Clathrina chrysea Borojevic & Klautau, 2000
- Clathrina clara Klautau & Valentine, 2003
- Clathrina clathrus (Schmidt, 1864)
- Clathrina conifera Klautau & Borojevic, 2001
- Clathrina coriacea (Montagu, 1814)
- Clathrina cribrata Rapp, Klautau & Valentine, 2001
- Clathrina curacaoensis Cóndor-Luján, Louzada, Hajdu & Klautau, 2018
- Clathrina cylindractina Klautau, Solé-Cava & Borojevic, 1994
- Clathrina delicata Fontana, Cóndor-Luján, Azevedo, Pérez & Klautau, 2018
- Clathrina dictyoides (Haeckel, 1872)
- Clathrina fjordica Azevedo, Hajdu, Willenz & Klautau, 2009
- Clathrina flexilis (Haeckel, 1872)
- Clathrina globulosa Cóndor-Luján, Louzada, Hajdu & Klautau, 2018
- Clathrina helveola Wörheide & Hooper, 1999
- Clathrina heronensis Wörheide & Hooper, 1999
- Clathrina hispanica Klautau & Valentine, 2003
- Clathrina hondurensis Klautau & Valentine, 2003
- Clathrina insularis Azevedo, Padua, Moraes, Rossi, Muricy & Klautau, 2017
- Clathrina jorunnae Rapp, 2006
- Clathrina lacunosa (Johnston, 1842)
- Clathrina laminoclathrata Carter, 1886
- Clathrina loculosa (Haeckel, 1870)
- Clathrina lutea Azevedo, Padua, Moraes, Rossi, Muricy & Klautau, 2017
- Clathrina luteoculcitella Wörheide & Hooper, 1999
- Clathrina macleayi (Lendenfeld, 1885)
- Clathrina maremeccae Van Soest & De Voogd, 2018
- Clathrina multiformis (Breitfuss, 1898)
- Clathrina mutabilis Azevedo, Padua, Moraes, Rossi, Muricy & Klautau, 2017
- Clathrina mutsu (Hôzawa, 1928)
- Clathrina nuroensis Azevedo, Cóndor-Luján, Willenz, Hajdu, Hooker & Klautau, 2015
- Clathrina osculum Carter, 1886
- Clathrina parva Wörheide & Hooper, 1999
- Clathrina passionensis van Soest, Kaiser & Van Syoc, 2011
- Clathrina pedunculata (Lendenfeld, 1885)
- Clathrina pellucida (Rapp, 2006)
- Clathrina peruana Azevedo, Cóndor-Luján, Willenz, Hajdu, Hooker & Klautau, 2015
- Clathrina philippina (Haeckel, 1872)
- Clathrina primordialis (Haeckel, 1872)
- Clathrina procumbens (Lendenfeld, 1885)
- Clathrina pulcherrima (Dendy, 1891)
- Clathrina purpurea Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015
- Clathrina ramosa (Azevedo, Hajdu, Willenz & Klautau, 2009)
- Clathrina repens Van Soest & De Voogd, 2018
- Clathrina rodriguesensis Van Soest & De Voogd, 2018
- Clathrina rotunda Klautau & Valentine, 2003
- Clathrina rotundata Voigt, Erpenbeck & Wörheide, 2017
- Clathrina rowi Voigt, Erpenbeck & Wörheide, 2017
- Clathrina rubra Sarà, 1958
- Clathrina sceptrum (Haeckel, 1872)
- Clathrina sinusarabica Klautau & Valentine, 2003
- Clathrina smaragda Lopes, Padua, Cóndor-Luján & Klautau, 2018
- Clathrina sororcula Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015
- Clathrina stipitata (Dendy, 1891)
- Clathrina tendali Rapp, 2015
- Clathrina wistariensis Wörheide & Hooper, 1999
- Clathrina zelinhae Azevedo, Padua, Moraes, Rossi, Muricy & Klautau, 2017
See also
References
- ^ a b van Soest, R. (2014). Van Soest RW, Boury-Esnault N, Hooper JN, Rützler K, de Voogd NJ, de Glasby BA, Hajdu E, Pisera AB, Manconi R, Schoenberg C, Janussen D, Tabachnick KR, Klautau M, Picton B, Kelly M, Vacelet J (eds.). "Clathrina Gray, 1867". World Porifera database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 Apr 2014.
- ^ Klautau, Michelle; Azevedo, Fernanda; Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi; Rapp, Hans Tore; Collins, Allen; Russo, Claudia Augusta de Moraes (2013). "A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 53 (3): 447–461. doi:10.1093/icb/ict039. PMID 23704365.
- ^ Klautau, M.; Azevedo, F.; Condor-Lujan, B.; Rapp, H. T.; Collins, A.; Russo, C. A. d. M. (23 May 2013). "A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 53 (3): 447–461. doi:10.1093/icb/ict039. PMID 23704365.
- ^ Klautau, Michelle; Valentine, Clare (2003). "Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (1): 1–62. doi:10.1046/j.0024-4082.2003.00063.x. ISSN 1096-3642.