Epicynodontia
In this article we are going to explore the fascinating world of Epicynodontia. From its origins to its impact on today's society, Epicynodontia has played a fundamental role in various aspects of daily life. Throughout history, Epicynodontia has been a source of debate and controversy, giving rise to endless opinions and theories. In this sense, it is essential to critically and objectively analyze the influence of Epicynodontia on our culture, politics, economy and daily life. Likewise, it is crucial to examine how Epicynodontia has evolved over time and what the implications are of its presence today. Through this exploration, we hope to shed light on the meaning and impact of Epicynodontia in the contemporary world.
| Epicynodontia Temporal range: Late Permian-Present,
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| Skeleton of Thrinaxodon liorhinus, a basal epicynodont | |
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| Sperm whale, a modern-day epicynodont | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Clade: | Therapsida |
| Clade: | Cynodontia |
| Clade: | Epicynodontia Hopson & Kitching, 2001 |
| Subgroups | |
Epicynodontia is a clade of cynodont therapsids that includes most cynodonts, such as galesaurids, thrinaxodontids, and Eucynodontia (including mammals). It was erected as a stem-based taxon by Hopson and Kitching (2001) and defined as the most inclusive clade containing Mammalia and excluding Procynosuchus, a Late Permian genus that is one of the most basal cynodonts.
Below is a cladogram from Pusch et al. (2023) showing one hypothesis of cynodont relationships:
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References
- ^ Hopson, J.A.; Kitching, J.W. (2001). "A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 156 (1): 5–35.
- ^ Pusch, L. C.; Kammerer, C. F.; Fernandez, V.; Fröbisch, J. (2023). "Cranial anatomy of Nythosaurus larvatus Owen, 1876, an Early Triassic cynodont preserving a natural endocast". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (3): e2174441. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2174441. S2CID 257419409.
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