Esterase
In the modern world, Esterase has gained great relevance in all spheres of society. Its impact is reflected in people's lives, in the economic, political, cultural and technological spheres. Esterase is a topic that leaves no one indifferent, generating debate, reflection and action around it. Throughout history, Esterase has been a constant reference point, marking significant milestones and changes in the way we live and relate. In this article, we will explore different aspects and perspectives of Esterase, with the aim of better understanding its influence and reach in today's society.
In biochemistry, an esterase is a class of enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis (and as such, it is a type of hydrolase).
A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.
EC classification/list of enzymes
- EC 3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases
- Acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), splits off acetyl groups
- Cholinesterase
- Acetylcholinesterase, inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
- Pseudocholinesterase, broad substrate specificity, found in the blood plasma and in the liver
- Cholinesterase
- Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11), clarifies fruit juices
- Acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), splits off acetyl groups
- EC 3.1.2: Thiolester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.3: Phosphoric monoester hydrolases
- Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.x), hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol
- Alkaline phosphatase, removes phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids.
- Phosphodiesterase (PDE), inactivates the second messenger cAMP
- cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, is inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra)
- Fructose bisphosphatase (3.1.3.11), converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis
- Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.x), hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol
- EC 3.1.4: Phosphoric diester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.5: Triphosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.6: Sulfuric ester hydrolases (sulfatases)
- EC 3.1.7: Diphosphoric monoester hydrolases
- EC 3.1.8: Phosphoric triester hydrolases
- Exonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)
- EC 3.1.11: Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.13: Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.14: Exoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters
- EC 3.1.15: Exonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxy-
- Endonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)
- Endodeoxyribonuclease
- Endoribonuclease
- either deoxy- or ribo-
See also
- Enzyme
- List of enzymes
- Carboxylic acid
- Ester
- Leukocyte esterase
- Hemagglutinin esterase
- Nuclease
- Lipase
- Asymmetric ester hydrolysis with pig-liver esterase
