Euphasmatodea
Welcome to the article about Euphasmatodea. In this writing we will delve into the exciting world of Euphasmatodea, exploring its characteristics, significance and relevance in different areas. Euphasmatodea is a topic that arouses the interest and curiosity of many people, since it has a significant impact on contemporary society. Along these lines we will delve into the most relevant aspects related to Euphasmatodea, with the aim of providing a comprehensive and complete vision of this topic. From its origin to its evolution, including its influence today, we will address different facets of Euphasmatodea to provide a complete and enriching analysis.
| Euphasmatodea Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Heteropteryx dilatata from Malaysia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Subclass: | Pterygota |
| Infraclass: | Neoptera |
| Cohort: | Polyneoptera |
| Order: | Phasmatodea |
| Suborder: | Euphasmatodea Bradler, 1999 |
| Superfamilies | |
|
Aschiphasmatoidea | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Verophasmatodea Zompro, 2004 | |
The Euphasmatodea,[1][2] also known by its junior synonym Verophasmatodea is a suborder of the Phasmatodea, which contains the vast majority of the extant species of stick and leaf insects, excluding the Timematodea. The oldest record of Euphasmatodea is Araripephasma from the Crato Formation of Brazil, dating to the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous.[3]
Superfamilies and families
The suborder Euphasmatodea was previously divided into two infraorders: the Areolatae and Anareolatae, based on the presence or absence of an "areola": a small ring of colour or gap in wing margin - see the Glossary of entomology terms. This division has now been superseded and the suborder is now divided into four superfamilies: Aschiphasmatoidea, Bacilloidea, Phyllioidea, and Pseudophasmatoidea. The latter includes family Agathemeridae, which was previously placed in suborder Agathemerodea.[1]
Aschiphasmatoidea
Authority: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
- †Archipseudophasmatidae[4]
- Aschiphasmatidae - Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Tropical Southeast Asia)
- Damasippoididae - Zompro, 2004 (Madagascar)
- Prisopodidae - Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Central and South America, South Africa, India, Indo-China, Malesia)
Bacilloidea
Authority: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
- Anisacanthidae - Günther, 1953 (Madagascar)
- Bacillidae - Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Africa, Europe)
- Heteropterygidae - Kirby, 1896 (Australasia, east and southeast Asia)
Phyllioidea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
- Phylliidae - Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Australasia, Asia, Pacific)
Pseudophasmatoidea
Authority: Rehn, 1904
- Agathemeridae - Bradler, 2003 (monotypic; Andean mountain range)
- Heteronemiidae - Rehn, 1904 (South America, Southern North America, Madagascar)
- Pseudophasmatidae - Rehn, 1904 (South America, Southern North America, Maritime Southeast Asia)
Incertae sedis; ex. Anareolatae
The following three families were previously placed in the "Anareolatae", but are currently (2021) considered incertae sedis.
- Diapheromeridae - Kirby, 1904 - Worldwide distribution (except the Antarctic)
- Lonchodidae - Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893[5][6] - Worldwide, but especially southern Africa, Asia & Australia
- Phasmatidae - Gray, 1835 - Asia, Australasia, Americas (especially South), Pacific, Africa
References
- ^ a b Phasmida Species File: suborder Euphasmatodea (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 27 May 2021)
- ^ Cliquennois (2020) In Aberlenc : Les Insectes du Monde Biodiversité, classification, clés de détermination des familles 1: 414.
- ^ Ghirotto, Victor M.; Crispino, Edgar B.; Chiquetto-Machado, Pedro I.; Neves, Pedro A. B. A.; Engelking, Phillip W.; Ribeiro, Guilherme C. (May 2022). Labandeira, Conrad (ed.). "The oldest Euphasmatodea (Insecta, Phasmatodea): modern morphology in an Early Cretaceous stick insect fossil from the Crato Formation of Brazil". Papers in Palaeontology. 8 (3). Bibcode:2022PPal....8E1437G. doi:10.1002/spp2.1437. ISSN 2056-2799. S2CID 249738376.
- ^ Zompro, O. 2001. The Phasmatodea and Raptophasma n. gen., Orthoptera incertae sedis, in Baltic amber (Insecta: Orthoptera). Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institutes der Universität Hamburg 85: 229–261.
- ^ Robertson, James A.; Bradler, Sven; Whiting, Michael F. (2018). "Evolution of Oviposition Techniques in Stick and Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea)". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 6: 216. Bibcode:2018FrEEv...6..216R. doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00216.
- ^ Brock, Paul D.; Otte, Daniel (2018). "Phasmida species file online, Version 5.0". Retrieved 2019-03-22.
External links
Media related to Euphasmatodea at Wikimedia Commons- Phasmid Study Group: Verophasmatodea
