Today we want to talk about Examining Board v. Flores de Otero, since it is a topic that has gained relevance in recent times. Examining Board v. Flores de Otero has captured the attention of people of all ages and interests, as its influence extends to various areas of daily life. From politics to entertainment, Examining Board v. Flores de Otero has left a significant mark on the world today. In this article, we will explore the various aspects related to Examining Board v. Flores de Otero, from its history to its impact on today's society. We are sure that you will find interesting and relevant information about Examining Board v. Flores de Otero that will allow you to better understand this phenomenon and its importance today.
Examining Board v. Flores de Otero | |
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Argued December 8, 1975 Decided June 17, 1976 | |
Full case name | Examining Board of Engineers, Architects and Surveyors et al. v. Flores de Otero |
Citations | 426 U.S. 572 (more) 96 S. Ct. 2264; 49 L. Ed. 2d 65 |
Holding | |
State law that excluded aliens from the practice of civil engineering was declared unconstitutional on the basis of the Equal Protection Clause. | |
Court membership | |
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Case opinions | |
Majority | Blackmun, joined by Burger, White, Powell, O'Connor, Brennan, Stewart |
Dissent | Rehnquist |
Laws applied | |
U.S. Const. amend. XIV |
Examining Board v. Flores de Otero, 426 U.S. 572 (1976), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated a state law that excluded aliens from the practice of civil engineering. The Court invalidated the law on the basis of equal protection using a strict scrutiny standard of review.
A Puerto Rico law permits only United States citizens to practice privately as civil engineers. Appellees are alien civil engineers residing in Puerto Rico, one of whom (Flores de Otero) was denied a license under this law, and the other of whom (Perez Nogueiro) was granted only a conditional license to work for the Commonwealth. Each appellee brought suit for declaratory and injunctive relief against appellant Examining Board and its members in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, claiming jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1343(3) and alleging that the statute's citizenship requirement violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983.