Grave field

In today's article we are going to delve into the fascinating world of Grave field. Since its inception, Grave field has aroused the interest of millions of people around the world. Throughout history, Grave field has been the object of debate, study and admiration, becoming a topic of great relevance in different areas. In this article, we will explore the different aspects of Grave field, from its origin to its impact on today's society. We will discover its importance, its possible applications and the implications it has for the future. Get ready to immerse yourself in this exciting topic and discover everything Grave field has to offer.

Excavation of the Alemannic grave field at Sasbach (Ortenau).

A grave field is a prehistoric cemetery, typically from Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe.

Grave fields are distinguished from necropoleis by the former's lack of remaining above-ground structures, buildings, or grave markers.

Types

Grave fields can be classified by type of burial custom:

Celtic grave fields

Hallstatt culture
La Tène culture
  • Münsingen-Rain, Bern, Switzerland

Northern Europe

Scandinavia

Nordic Bronze Age
Vendel period
Viking Age

Northern European Lowlands

Jastorf culture

Alemannic grave fields

Remains of two girls buried in the same grave, 6th- to 7th-century grave in Sasbach.
A maeotae skeleton of the burial ground near Farm of Lenin's Name, Krasnodar region, Russia 4th to 2nd century BC

Alemannic grave fields, dating from the 5th to 8th century. Before the middle of the 5th century, these grave fields were relatively small, often containing fewer than five graves, probably corresponding to a single homestead or family. The sparsity of graves in the early period may suggest partial cremation. In the mid- to late 5th century, burial customs appeared to change with the introduction of larger row-grave fields.

Grave fields are often arranged on elevated ground outside settlements. The arrangement of graves is often east to west — the head of the body placed on the western end, looking east.

Until the beginning of the 6th century, these row graves were often accompanied by more prestigious single graves including precious grave goods. Quast (1997) assumes that the 5th-century change in burial practice was due to a renewed influx of Elbe Germanic settlers (Danube Swabians displaced by Gothic migration).

Male graves from this period often include weapons — in the mid-5th century typically a Francisca axe, besides spathas and seaxes. In contrast, female graves often include jewellery, such as bracelets, earrings and fibulae.

6th- to 7th-century jewellery found in the Freiburg district.

Large Alemannic row grave fields have been excavated at Lauchheim, Gammertingen, Weingarten, and Ravensburg, all in Swabia; the one in Ravensburg includes over 1,000 graves dating to between 50 and 710. The field in Sasbach includes over 2,000 graves. Mengen has over 1,000 graves.

Alemannic graves appear south of the Rhine, in the Swiss Plateau, from the 6th century. The Alemannic colonization of the Swiss plateau apparently took place in the Basel area, since the number of graves there declined simultaneously. The significant influx of Alemannic settlers to the Swiss plateau began only in the 7th century. Grave fields from this period include one at Elgg-Ettenbühl near Winterthur; with 340 graves, stands as the largest field south of the High Rhine.

Christianization of the Alemanni during the 7th century brought about the end of grave field traditions. The dead from this period were buried in graveyards near churches. Prestigious graves of local nobility appear to have resisted the Christianization of burial customs into the 8th century, possibly until the 786 decree of Charlemagne outlawing pagan burial.

See also

References

  1. ^ Gerhard Fingerlin: Zur alamannischen Siedlungsgeschichte des 3.-7. Jahrhunderts. In: Wolfgang Hübner (Hrsg.): Die Alamannen in der Frühzeit. in: Veröffentlichung des Alemannischen Instituts Freiburg/Br. Kuhn, Villingen-Schwenningen 1974,34, S.47ff.
  • Die Alamannen. ed. Archäologisches Landesmuseum Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1997.
    • Dieter Quast: Vom Einzelgrab zum Friedhof. Beginn der Reihengräbersitte im 5. Jahrhundert.
    • Ingo Stork: Als Persönlichkeit ins Jenseits. Bestattungssitte und Grabraub als Kontrast.
  • Michael Hoeper: Alamannische Besiedlungsgeschichte im Breisgau, Reihengräberfelder und Gemarkungsgrenzen. In: Römer und Alamannen im Breisgau. Studien zur Besiedlungsgeschichte in Spätantike und frühem Mittelalter. Sigmaringen 1994. (In dr Reihe Archäologie und Geschichte. Freiburger Forschungen zum ersten Jahrtausend in Südwestdeutschland. Rüsgä vum Hans Ulrich Nuber, Karl Schmid, Heiko Steuer un em Thomas Zotz.)
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