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German geographer and cartographer
Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus (3 May 1797 – 17 February 1884) was a German geographer and cartographer who conducted trigonometric surveys in Prussia and taught geodesy at the Bauakademie in Berlin. He taught cartography and produced a pioneering and influential thematic atlas which provided maps of flora, fauna, climate, geology, diseases and a range of other information. He was a friend of Alexander von Humboldt and produced some of the maps used in his publications. A nephew Hermann Berghaus also worked in cartography.
He is most famous for his cartographic work. His greatest achievement was the Physikalischer Atlas (Gotha, 1838–1848), with which, as in others, his nephew Hermann Berghaus (1828–1890) was associated with him. This atlas was used to illustrate Alexander von Humboldt's Cosmos. It was planned to publish this atlas in Britain too, together with Alexander Keith Johnston, but it later was published in a different form by Johnston alone. Berghaus had also a share in the re-issue of the great Stieler Handatlas (originally produced by Adolf Stieler in 1817–1823, see: Stielers Handatlas), and in the production of other atlases.
The sections of the Physikalischer Atlas were:
Section I. Meteorology and Climatology (15 maps)
Section II. Hydrology and Hydrography (16)
Section III. Geology (15)
Section IV. Telluric Magnetism (5)
Section V. Geography of Botany (6)
Section VI. Geography of Zoology (12)
Section VII. Anthropology (4)
Section VIII. Ethnography (19)
Berghaus's written works were numerous and important, including Allgemeine Länder- und Völkerkunde (Stuttgart, 1837–1840), Grundriss der Geographie in fünf Büchern (Berlin, 1842), Die Völker des Erdballs (Leipzig, 1845–1847), Was man von der Erde weiß (Berlin, 1856–1860), and various large works on Germany. In 1863 he published Briefwechsel mit Alexander von Humboldt (Leipzig).
In 1838, Berghaus became a correspondent, living abroad, of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands. When that institute became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851 he became a foreign member.
Blücher als Mitglied der Pommerschen Ritterschaft 1777-1817 und beim Preußischen Heere am Rhein 1794. Anklam 1863, online
Landbuch des Herzogtums Pommern - Schilderung der Zustände dieser Lande in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts (Anklam 1862–1868, 13 volumes), including:
Part II: Landbuch des Herzogtums Stettin, von Kammin und Hinterpommern; oder des Verwaltungsbezirks der Königlichen Regierung zu Stettin.
Vol. 2: Randowscher Kreis und Allgemeines über die Kreise auf dem linken Oder-Ufer, Anklam 1865, online.
Vol. 3: Kreise Greifenhagen und Pyritz, Anklam 1868, online.
Vol. 4: Saatziger Kreis, insbesondere Stadt Stargard, Anklam 1867, online.
Part III: Landbuch des Herzogtums Kaschubien und der einverleibten Kreise der Neumark; oder des Verwaltungs-Bezirks der Königlichen Regierung zu Köslin westlicher Teil.
Vol. 1: Kreise Fürstentum Kammin und Belgard. Anklam 1867, online
Part IV: Landbuch von Neu-Vorpommern und der Insel Rügen, oder des Verwaltungs-Bezirks der Königlichen Regierung zu Stralsund.
Geschichte der Stadt Stettin, der Hauptstadt von Pommern - Topographisch-statistisch beschrieben nach allen Richtungen ihres politischen, bürgerlichen, merkantilischen und kirchlichen Lebens (Berlin/Wriezen 1875–76, 2 volumes)
Jürgen Espenhorst: Petermann’s Planet, A Guide to German Handatlases. Vol. 1: The great handatlases, Pangaea, Schwerte 2003, ISBN3-930401-35-5, pp. 365–385.
Kärstin Weirauch: Berghaus, Heinrich Karl Wilhelm. In: Friedrich Beck, Eckart Henning (eds.): Brandenburgisches Biographisches Lexikon (= Einzelveröffentlichung der Brandenburgischen Historischen Kommission e.V. Vol. 5). Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Potsdam 2002, ISBN3-935035-39-X, p. 43 ff. (in German)