Ištuanda

Today, Ištuanda is a topic that has captured the attention of people of all ages and backgrounds. Since its emergence, Ištuanda has generated increasing interest and has become a central element in the discussion of various aspects of daily life. Whether in the workplace, in education, in politics or in entertainment, Ištuanda has proven to be a relevant and current topic that deserves to be analyzed in depth. In this article, we will explore different perspectives on Ištuanda and examine its impact on today's society.

Ištuanda
Early 1st millennium BCE ?–Unknown
Ištuanda among the Syro-Hittite states
Ištuanda among the Syro-Hittite states
CapitalIštuanda
Common languagesLuwian
Religion
Luwian religion
GovernmentMonarchy
King 
• r. c. 738 BC – c. 732 BC
Tuḫamme
Historical eraIron Age
• Established
Early 1st millennium BCE ?
• Disestablished
Unknown
Preceded by
Hittite empire
Today part ofTurkey

Ištuanda (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒄑𒌅𒀭𒁕) or Ištunda (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒌷𒅖𒌅𒌦𒁕) was a Luwian-speaking Syro-Hittite state which existed in the region of Tabal in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age.

Location

Ištuanda was located in northern Cappadocia, in the northwestern part of the Tabalian region close to the kingdom of Atuna and near what is presently Aksaray.

History

Bronze Age

The territory that later became Ištuanda might have corresponded to region which was referred to in Hittite texts from the Late Bronze Age as Wasuduwanda (𒌷𒉿𒋗𒁺𒉿𒀭𒁕), which was the site of a shrine to the goddess Ḫepat.

Iron Age

By c. 738 BC, the Tabalian region, including Ištuanda, had become a tributary of the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III, possibly after his conquest of Arpad over the course of 743 to 740 BC caused the states of the Tabalian region to submit to him, or possibly as a result of a campaign of Tiglath-pileser III in Tabal.

Consequently, in 738 and 732 BCE, the king Tuḫamme of Ištuanda was one of the five rulers of the Tabalian region who paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser III.

Around c. 710 BCE, Ištuanda and the nearby Tabalian state of Atuna jointly attacked and occupied some of the cities of Bīt-Burutaš which the Neo-Assyrian king Sargon II had handed over to his loyal vassal, the king Warpalawas II of Tuwana.

List of kings of Ištuanda

References

  1. ^ "Ištundaya [OF IšTUNDA] (EN)". State Archives of Assyria Online. Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
  2. ^ "Ištundaya [OF IšTUNDA] (EN)". Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire. Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
  3. ^ "Ištundayu [OF IšTUNDA] (EN)". Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire. Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
  4. ^ a b c d Bryce 2009, p. 338.
  5. ^ a b c Bryce 2012, p. 147.
  6. ^ a b Weeden 2023, p. 1000.
  7. ^ Kryszeń 2023.
  8. ^ Bryce 2009, p. 764.
  9. ^ Bryce 2012, p. 144.
  10. ^ Bryce 2012, p. 271.
  11. ^ Aro 2013, p. 389.
  12. ^ Bryce 2009, p. 93.
  13. ^ Bryce 2009, p. 726.
  14. ^ "Tuhamme [RULER OF IšTUNDA] (RN)". Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities. Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
  15. ^ "Tuhamme [RULER OF IšTUNDA] (RN)". Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire. Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.

Bibliography

See also

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia