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Physicist Pyotr Kapitsa (left) and physical chemist Nikolay Semyonov (right), the two Nobel laureates (portrait by Boris Kustodiev , 1921).
This list of Russian physicists includes the famous physicists from the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.
Alphabetical list
A
Alexei Abrikosov , discovered how magnetic flux can penetrate a superconductor (the Abrikosov vortex ), Nobel Prize winner
Franz Aepinus , related electricity and magnetism , proved the electric nature of pyroelectricity , explained electric polarization and electrostatic induction , invented achromatic microscope
Zhores Alferov , inventor of modern heterotransistor , Nobel Prize winner
Sergey Alekseenko , director of the Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics , Global Energy Prize recipient
Artem Alikhanian , a prominent researcher of cosmic rays , inventor of wide-gap track spark chamber
Abram Alikhanov , nuclear physicist , a prominent researcher of cosmic rays , built the first nuclear reactors in the USSR , founder of Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP)
Semen Altshuler , researched EPR and NMR , predicted acoustic paramagnetic resonance
Lev Artsimovich , builder of the first tokamak , researcher of high temperature plasma
Gurgen Askaryan , predicted self focusing of light, discovered Askaryan effect in the particle physics Alferov
B
Nikolay Basov , physicist, co-inventor of laser and maser , Nobel Prize winner
Nikolay Bogolyubov , mathematician and theoretical physicist, co-developed the BBGKY hierarchy , formulated a microscopic theory of superconductivity , suggested a triplet quark model, introduced a new quantum degree of freedom (color charge )
Matvei Petrovich Bronstein , theoretical physicist, a pioneer of quantum gravity, author of works in astrophysics, semiconductors, quantum electrodynamics and cosmology.
Gersh Budker , inventor of electron cooling , co-inventor of collider
C
D
F
Ludvig Faddeev , discoverer of Faddeev–Popov ghosts and Faddeev equations in quantum physics
Georgy Flyorov , nuclear physicist , one of the initiators of the Soviet atomic bomb project , co-discoverer of seaborgium and bohrium , founder of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Vladimir Fock , developed the Fock space , Fock state and the Hartree–Fock method in quantum mechanics
Ilya Frank , explained the phenomenon of Cherenkov radiation , Nobel Prize winner
Vsevolod Frederiks (Fréedericksz) , discovered the Fréedericksz transition , the Fréedericksz critical field in liquid crystals
Yakov Frenkel , coined the term electron hole , discovered the Frenkel defect of a crystal lattice , described the Poole–Frenkel effect in solid-state physics
G
I
J
K
Pyotr Kapitsa , originated the techniques for creating ultrastrong magnetic fields , co-discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of an atomic nucleus discovered superfluidity , Nobel Prize winner
Yuly Khariton , chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb , co-developer of the Tsar Bomb
Orest Khvolson , first to study the Chwolson ring effect of gravitational lensing
Nicolai Kopnin , Simon Memorial Prize winner for his work on the forces acting on quantum vortices in superfluids and superconductors
Sergey Krasnikov , developer of the Krasnikov tube , a speculative mechanism for space travelLandau
Igor Kurchatov , builder of the first nuclear power plant , developer of the first nuclear reactors for surface ships
L
Lev Landau , theoretical physicist, developed the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity , explained the Landau damping in plasma physics , pointed out the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics , co-author of the famous Course of Theoretical Physics , Nobel Prize winner
Grigory Landsberg , co-discoverer of Raman scattering of light
Mikhail Lavrentyev , physicist and mathematician, founded the Siberian Division of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and Akademgorodok in Novosibirsk
Pyotr Lebedev , the first to measure the radiation pressure on a solid body, thus proving the Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism
Heinrich Lenz , discovered the Lenz's law of electromagnetism
Aleksandr Il'ich Leipunskii , pioneered the development of fast breeder reactors in the USSR.
Evgeny Lifshitz , an author of the BKL singularity model of the Universe evolution, co-author of the famous Course of Theoretical Physics Lenz
Mikhail Lomonosov , polymath scientist, artist and inventor, proposed the law of conservation of matter , disproved the phlogiston theory
Oleg Losev , inventor of light-emitting diode and crystadine
M
N
Petrov
O
P
Vasily Petrov , discoverer of electric arc , proposed arc lamp and arc welding
Boris Podolsky , an author of EPR Paradox in quantum physics
Alexander Polyakov , developed the concepts of Polyakov action , 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole and BPST instanton
Isaak Pomeranchuk , predicted synchrotron radiation
Bruno Pontecorvo , a founder of neutrino high energy physics , his work led to the discovery of PMNS matrix
Alexander Popov , inventor of lightning detector , one of the inventors of radio , recorded the first experimental radiolocation at sea
Victor Popov , co-discoverer of Faddeev–Popov ghosts in quantum field theory
Alexander Prokhorov , co-inventor of laser and maser , Nobel Prize winnerProkhorov
R
S
Andrei Sakharov , co-developer of tokamak and the Tsar Bomb , inventor of explosively pumped flux compression generator , Nobel Peace Prize winner
Nikolay Semyonov , physical chemist, co-discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of an atomic nucleus , Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner
Lev Shubnikov , discoverer of Shubnikov–de Haas effect , one of the first researchers of solid hydrogen and liquid helium
Dmitri Skobeltsyn , first to use cloud chamber for studying cosmic rays , the first to observe positrons
Alexei Smirnov , co-discoverer of Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect of neutrino oscillations
Arseny Sokolov , co-discoverer of Sokolov–Ternov effect , a developer of synchrotron radiation theory
Mark Stockman , optical physicist, co-discoverer of spaser
Aleksandr Stoletov , inventor of photoelectric cell , built the Stoletov curve and pioneered the research of ferromagnetism
T
U
V
Y
Z
See also
References