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MDMAR

In the world of MDMAR, there has always been great interest and endless curiosity. Since time immemorial, MDMAR has aroused the attention of humanity, whether due to its mystery, its relevance, its impact or its transcendence. Regardless of the time, place or culture, MDMAR has played a fundamental role in people's lives, influencing customs, beliefs, decisions and actions. In this article, we will deeply explore the fascinating world of MDMAR, analyzing its importance, its implications and its influence on society. Through a deep analysis, we will discover the many facets of MDMAR, unraveling enigmas, demystifying concepts and sharing new perspectives that will help us better understand this exciting topic.

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MDMAR
Clinical data
Other names3',4'-Methylenedioxy-4-methylaminorex
ATC code
  • None
Identifiers
  • 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H12N2O3
Molar mass220.228 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC1C(OC(=N1)N)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3
  • InChI=1S/C11H12N2O3/c1-6-10(16-11(12)13-6)7-2-3-8-9(4-7)15-5-14-8/h2-4,6,10H,5H2,1H3,(H2,12,13)
  • Key:JFKNBDXNCLMRPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

3',4'-Methylenedioxy-4-methylaminorex (MDMAR) is a recreational designer drug from the substituted aminorex family, with monoamine-releasing effects.[1][2][3] It is a potent serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA).[1]

Monoamine release of MDMAR and related agents (EC50Tooltip Half maximal effective concentration, nM)
Compound NETooltip Norepinephrine DATooltip Dopamine 5-HTTooltip Serotonin Ref
Phenethylamine 10.9 39.5 >10,000 [4][5][6]
Dextroamphetamine 6.6–10.2 5.8–24.8 698–1,765 [7][8][6][9]
Dextromethamphetamine 12.3–14.3 8.5–40.4 736–1,292 [7][10][6][9]
Aminorex 15.1–26.4 9.1–49.4 193–414 [7][11][6][3][9]
cis-4-MAR 4.8 1.7 53.2 [3][11]
cis-4,4'-DMAR 11.8–31.6 8.6–24.4 17.7–59.9 [11][1][3]
trans-4,4'-DMAR 31.6 24.4 59.9 [1][3]
cis-MDMAR 14.8 10.2 43.9 [1]
trans-MDMAR 38.9 36.2 73.4 [1]
Notes: The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug releases the neurotransmitter. The assays were done in rat brain synaptosomes and human potencies may be different. See also Monoamine releasing agent § Activity profiles for a larger table with more compounds. Refs: [12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f McLaughlin G, Morris N, Kavanagh PV, Power JD, Twamley B, O'Brien J, Talbot B, Dowling G, Mahony O, Brandt SD, Patrick J, Archer RP, Partilla JS, Baumann MH (July 2015). "Synthesis, characterization, and monoamine transporter activity of the new psychoactive substance 3',4'-methylenedioxy-4-methylaminorex (MDMAR)". Drug Testing and Analysis. 7 (7): 555–564. doi:10.1002/dta.1732. PMC 5331736. PMID 25331619.
  2. ^ Zawilska JB, Andrzejczak D (December 2015). "Next generation of novel psychoactive substances on the horizon - A complex problem to face". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 157: 1–17. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.030. PMID 26482089.
  3. ^ a b c d e Maier J, Mayer FP, Brandt SD, Sitte HH (October 2018). "DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Aminorex Analogues". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 9 (10): 2484–2502. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00415. PMC 6287711. PMID 30269490.
  4. ^ Reith ME, Blough BE, Hong WC, Jones KT, Schmitt KC, Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Rothman RB, Katz JL (February 2015). "Behavioral, biological, and chemical perspectives on atypical agents targeting the dopamine transporter". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 147: 1–19. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.005. PMC 4297708. PMID 25548026.
  5. ^ Forsyth, Andrea N (22 May 2012). "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rigid Analogues of Methamphetamines". ScholarWorks@UNO. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d Blough B (July 2008). "Dopamine-releasing agents" (PDF). In Trudell ML, Izenwasser S (eds.). Dopamine Transporters: Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology. Hoboken : Wiley. pp. 305–320. ISBN 978-0-470-11790-3. OCLC 181862653. OL 18589888W.
  7. ^ a b c Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Dersch CM, Romero DV, Rice KC, Carroll FI, Partilla JS (January 2001). "Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin". Synapse. 39 (1): 32–41. doi:10.1002/1098-2396(20010101)39:1<32::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-3. PMID 11071707. S2CID 15573624.
  8. ^ Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Lehner KR, Thorndike EB, Hoffman AF, Holy M, Rothman RB, Goldberg SR, Lupica CR, Sitte HH, Brandt SD, Tella SR, Cozzi NV, Schindler CW (March 2013). "Powerful cocaine-like actions of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a principal constituent of psychoactive 'bath salts' products". Neuropsychopharmacology. 38 (4): 552–562. doi:10.1038/npp.2012.204. PMC 3572453. PMID 23072836.
  9. ^ a b c Partilla JS, Dersch CM, Baumann MH, Carroll FI, Rothman RB (1999). "Profiling CNS Stimulants with a High-Throughput Assay for Biogenic Amine Transporter Substractes". Problems of Drug Dependence 1999: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc (PDF). NIDA Res Monogr. Vol. 180. pp. 1–476 (252). PMID 11680410. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 5, 2023. RESULTS. Methamphetamine and amphetamine potently released NE (IC50s = 14.3 and 7.0 nM) and DA (IC50s = 40.4 nM and 24.8 nM), and were much less potent releasers of 5-HT (IC50s = 740 nM and 1765 nM). Phentermine released all three biogenic amines with an order of potency NE (IC50 = 28.8 nM)> DA (IC50 = 262 nM)> 5-HT (IC50 = 2575 nM). Aminorex released NE (IC50 = 26.4 nM), DA (IC50 = 44.8 nM) and 5-HT (IC50 = 193 nM). Chlorphentermine was a very potent 5-HT releaser (IC50 = 18.2 nM), a weaker DA releaser (IC50 = 935 nM) and inactive in the NE release assay. Chlorphentermine was a moderate potency inhibitor of NE uptake (Ki = 451 nM). Diethylpropion, which is self-administered, was a weak DA uptake inhibitor (Ki = 15 µM) and NE uptake inhibitor (Ki = 18.1 µM) and essentially inactive in the other assays. Phendimetrazine, which is self-administered, was a weak DA uptake inhibitor (IC50 = 19 µM), a weak NE uptake inhibitor (8.3 µM) and essentially inactive in the other assays.
  10. ^ Baumann MH, Ayestas MA, Partilla JS, Sink JR, Shulgin AT, Daley PF, Brandt SD, Rothman RB, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV (April 2012). "The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue". Neuropsychopharmacology. 37 (5): 1192–1203. doi:10.1038/npp.2011.304. PMC 3306880. PMID 22169943.
  11. ^ a b c Brandt SD, Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Kavanagh PV, Power JD, Talbot B, Twamley B, Mahony O, O'Brien J, Elliott SP, Archer RP, Patrick J, Singh K, Dempster NM, Cosbey SH (2014). "Characterization of a novel and potentially lethal designer drug (±)-cis-para-methyl-4-methylaminorex (4,4'-DMAR, or 'Serotoni')". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 684–695. doi:10.1002/dta.1668. PMC 4128571. PMID 24841869.
  12. ^ Rothman RB, Baumann MH (October 2003). "Monoamine transporters and psychostimulant drugs". European Journal of Pharmacology. 479 (1–3): 23–40. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.054. PMID 14612135.
  13. ^ Rothman RB, Baumann MH (2006). "Therapeutic potential of monoamine transporter substrates". Curr Top Med Chem. 6 (17): 1845–1859. doi:10.2174/156802606778249766. PMID 17017961.


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