Mandarina
In the following article, Mandarina will be approached from different perspectives, with the aim of exploring its different facets and delving into its relevance in various contexts. Mandarina will be analyzed from a historical, sociological and cultural approach, in order to shed light on its importance and impact on contemporary society. In addition, a panoramic view of the different opinions and debates that revolve around Mandarina will be offered, with the intention of generating a critical and enriching reflection. From its origins to its influence on the present, this article aims to provide a comprehensive and complete look at Mandarina, inviting the reader to deepen its understanding and appreciation.
| Mandarina | |
|---|---|
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| Mandarina hirasei | |
_Islands.jpg)
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| Mandarina suenoae | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Camaenidae |
| Subfamily: | Bradybaeninae |
| Genus: | Mandarina Pilsbry, 1894[1] |
| Diversity[2] | |
| 17 species, 5 of them are extinct | |
Mandarina is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae, subfamily Bradybaeninae.[3]
Mandarina have been traditionally placed within Camaenidae.[2] Phylogenic study by Chiba (1999)[4] have found, that Mandarina is closely related to Euhadra (family Bradybaenidae) and that Mandarina have probably evolved from Euhadra.[2]
Distribution
The genus Mandarina is endemic to Ogasawara Islands.[2]
Description
The shell is solid.[2] The width of the shell is 15–80 mm.[2]
Species
Species within the genus Mandarina include:
- Mandarina anijimana[2]
- Mandarina aureola[2]
- Mandarina chichijimana[2]
- Mandarina conus[2]
- Mandarina exoptata[2]
- Mandarina hahajimana[2]
- Mandarina hirasei[2]
- Mandarina luhuana
- Mandarina mandarina[2]
- Mandarina polita[2]
- Mandarina ponderosa[2]
- Mandarina suenoae[2]
- Mandarina trifasciata[2]
Ecology
Mandarina live in various habitats including arboreal, semi-arboreal, ground habitats, wet habitats and dry habitats.[2]
References
- ^ Pilsbry H. A. (1894). In Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. Manual of Conchology (2)9: 214.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Chiba, S. (2010). "Species Diversity and Conservation of Mandarina, an Endemic Land Snail of the Ogasawara Islands". Restoring the Oceanic Island Ecosystem. pp. 117–125. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-53859-2_18. ISBN 978-4-431-53858-5. PDF (2010 reprint) Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Davison, A.; Chiba, S. (2006). "Labile ecotypes accompany rapid cladogenesis in an adaptive radiation of Mandarina (Bradybaenidae) land snails". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 88 (2): 269. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00624.x.
- ^ Chiba S. (1999). "Accelerated evolution of land snails Mandarina in the oceanic Bonin Islands: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences". Evolution 53(2): 460-471. JSTOR.
External links
- Mandarina: A Microcosm of Biodiversity
- Davison, A.; Chiba, S. (2006). "The recent history and population structure of five Mandarina snail species from subtropical Ogasawara (Bonin Islands, Japan)". Molecular Ecology. 15 (10): 2905–2919. Bibcode:2006MolEc..15.2905D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02990.x. PMID 16911210. S2CID 28036477.