Microphysiometry
Today we enter the fascinating world of Microphysiometry, a topic that has captured the attention and interest of people around the world. Microphysiometry is a relevant topic in today's society and has generated a series of discussions and debates in various areas. In this article we will explore the different facets and perspectives of Microphysiometry, from its origins to its impact today. We will delve into its relevance in popular culture, its influence on politics and its implication in people's daily lives. Join us on this journey of discovery and reflection about Microphysiometry.
Microphysiometry is the in vitro micro-measurement of the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved on a very small micrometer (μm) scale.[1][2] The term microphysiometry emerged in the scientific literature at the end of the 1980s.[3][4]
The primary parameters assessed in microphysiometry comprise pH and the concentration of dissolved oxygen, glucose, and lactic acid, with an emphasis on the first two. Measuring these parameters experimentally in combination with a fluidic system for cell culture maintenance and a defined application of drugs or toxins provides three quantitative output parameters: extracellular acidification rates (EAR), oxygen uptake rates (OUR), and rates of glucose consumption or lactate release that characterize the metabolic situation.
Due to the label-free nature of sensor-based measurements, dynamic monitoring of cells or tissues for several days or even longer is feasible.[5] On an extended timescale, a dynamic analysis of a cell's metabolic response to an experimental treatment can distinguish acute effects (e.g., one hour after a treatment), early effects (e.g., at 24 hours), and delayed, chronic responses (e.g., at 96 hours). As stated by Alajoki et al., "The concept is that it is possible to detect receptor activation and other physiological changes in living cells by monitoring the activity of energy metabolism".[6]
See also
References
- ^ McConnel HM, Owicki JC, Parce JW, Miller DL, Baxter GT, Wada HG, Pitchford S (1992). "The Cytosensor Microphysiometer: Biological Applications of Silicon Technology", Science, 257, 1906-1912
- ^ Brischwein, M.; Wiest, J. (2018). "Microphysiometry". Bioanalytical Reviews. 2. Springer: 163–188. doi:10.1007/11663_2018_2. ISBN 978-3-030-32432-2.
- ^ Hafeman DG, Parce JW, McConnell H (1988). "Light-addressable potentiometric sensor for biochemical systems", Science 240, 1182–1185
- ^ Owicki JC, Parce JW (1990). "Bioassays with a microphysiometer". Nature 344, 271–272
- ^ Wiest, J. (2022). "Systems engineering of microphysiometry". Organs-on-a-Chip. 4. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.ooc.2022.100016.
- ^ Alajoki ML, Bayter GT, Bemiss WR, Blau D, Bousse LJ, Chan SDH, Dawes TD, Hahnenberger KM, Hamilton JM, Lam P, McReynolds RJ, Modlin DN, Owicki C, Parce JW, Redington D, Stevenson K, Wada HG, Williams J (1997). "High-performance microphysiometry in drug discovery", Devlin JP (ed) High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. Marcel Dekker, New York, 427–442.