Muhaqqaq

In today's world, Muhaqqaq has gained unprecedented relevance. Whether due to its impact on society, popular culture or history, Muhaqqaq has become a topic of interest to millions of people around the world. From its emergence to the present, Muhaqqaq has sparked debates, reflections and analysis in various areas, generating endless opinions and perspectives. In this article, we will explore the importance of Muhaqqaq and its influence on different aspects of contemporary life, as well as its relevance in past and future history.

Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of calligraphic script in Arabic. The Arabic word muḥaqqaq (محقَّق) means "consummate" or "clear", and originally was used to denote any accomplished piece of calligraphy.

Often used to copy maṣāḥif (singular muṣḥaf, i.e. loose sheets of Quran texts), this intricate type of script was considered one of the most beautiful, as well as one of the most difficult to execute well. The script saw its greatest use in the Mameluk era (1250–1516/1517). In the Ottoman Empire, it was gradually displaced by Thuluth and Naskh; from the 18th century onward, its use was largely restricted to the Basmala in Hilyas.

History

The earliest reference to muḥaqqaq writing is found in the Kitab al-Fihrist by Ibn al-Nadim, and the term was probably in use since the beginning of the Abbasid era to denote a specific writing style. Master calligraphers like Ibn Muqla and Ibn al-Bawwab contributed to the development of this and other scripts, and defined its rules and standards within Islamic calligraphy.

Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ^ John F. A. Sawyer, J. M. Y. Simpson, R. E. Asher (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Language and Religion, Elsevier, New York 2001, ISBN 0-08-043167-4, p. 253.
  2. ^ Mansour, 139–140.
  3. ^ Mansour, 30.
  4. ^ Mansour, 278
  5. ^ Mansour, 187.
  6. ^ Mansour, 91.
  7. ^ Mansour, 20.

References

  • Nassar Mansour (author), Mark Allen (ed.): Sacred Script: Muhaqqaq in Islamic Calligraphy, I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, New York 2011, ISBN 978-1-84885-439-0
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