In the following article we will talk to you about Nebulette, a topic of great relevance today. Nebulette is a topic that has generated considerable debate and has captured the attention of a wide audience. In this article we will explore different aspects related to Nebulette, from its history and evolution to its impact on current society. We will also analyze the various perspectives that exist around Nebulette, as well as its influence on different aspects of daily life. Read on to discover everything you need to know about Nebulette and its importance in today's world.
Nebulette is a cardiac-specific isoform belonging to the nebulin family of proteins. It is encoded by the NEBLgene. This family is composed of 5 members: nebulette, nebulin, N-RAP, LASP-1 and LASP-2. Nebulette localizes to Z-discs of cardiac muscle and appears to regulate the length of actin thin filaments.
Structure
Nebulette is a 116.4 kDa protein composed of 1014 amino acids.[5][6] As a member of the nebulin family of proteins, nebulette is characterized by 35 amino acid stretches of ‘‘nebulin repeats’’, which are actin binding domains containing a conserved SDxxYK motif.[7] Like nebulin, nebulette has an acidic region with unknown structure at its N-terminus, and a serine-rich region adjacent to an SH3 domain at its C-terminus.[8] Though nebulette shares structural features with nebulin, nebulin is expressed preferentially in skeletal muscle and has an enormous size (600-900 kDa), while nebulette is expressed in cardiac muscle at Z-disc regions and is significantly smaller (roughly 1/6 of the size).[9] Nebulette interacts with actin, tropomyosin, alpha-actinin.[10]Xin, and XIRP2.[11]
Function
Nebulette was identified in 1995 by Moncman and Wang using primary cultures of chicken embryonic cardiomyocytes by immunoprecipitations with certain anti-nebulin monoclonal antibodies.[12] Normal expression of nebulette is essential for the assembly and contractile function of myofibrils.[13] Specifically, nebulette appears to regulate the stability and length of actin thin filaments, as well as beating frequencies of cardiomyocytes; reduction of full-length nebulette protein in cardiomyocytes resulted in reduced thin filament lengths, depressed beating frequencies and loss of thin filament regulatory proteins troponin I and tropomyosin.[14][15]
^Moncman CL, Wang K (1995). "Nebulette: a 107 kD nebulin-like protein in cardiac muscle". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 32 (3): 205–225. doi:10.1002/cm.970320305. PMID8581976.
^Moncman CL, Wang K (1995). "Nebulette: a 107 kD nebulin-like protein in cardiac muscle". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 32 (3): 205–225. doi:10.1002/cm.970320305. PMID8581976.
^Moncman CL, Wang K (February 2002). "Targeted disruption of nebulette protein expression alters cardiac myofibril assembly and function". Experimental Cell Research. 273 (2): 204–218. doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5423. PMID11822876.
^Bonzo JR, Norris AA, Esham M, Moncman CL (November 2008). "The nebulette repeat domain is necessary for proper maintenance of tropomyosin with the cardiac sarcomere". Experimental Cell Research. 314 (19): 3519–3530. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.09.001. PMID18823973.
^Moncman CL, Wang K (February 2002). "Targeted disruption of nebulette protein expression alters cardiac myofibril assembly and function". Experimental Cell Research. 273 (2): 204–218. doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5423. PMID11822876.
^Arimura T, Nakamura T, Hiroi S, Satoh M, Takahashi M, Ohbuchi N, et al. (November 2000). "Characterization of the human nebulette gene: a polymorphism in an actin-binding motif is associated with nonfamilial idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy". Human Genetics. 107 (5): 440–451. doi:10.1007/s004390000389. PMID11140941. S2CID4564490.
