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Phosphorus pentabromide

The topic of Phosphorus pentabromide is one that has captured the attention of many people in recent years. Since its emergence, Phosphorus pentabromide has generated a continuous debate in different sectors of society, whether in the academic, political, economic or cultural spheres. Opinions regarding Phosphorus pentabromide vary greatly, and its impact has become evident in various spheres. In this article, we will explore various perspectives on Phosphorus pentabromide and its influence today, as well as its historical relevance. Additionally, we will analyze the role that Phosphorus pentabromide plays in people's daily lives and in society as a whole.

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Phosphorus pentabromide
Names
IUPAC name
Tetrabromophosphanium bromide
Other names
  • Pentabromo-λ5-phosphane[1]
  • Pentabromophosphorane[1]
  • Phosphorus(V) bromide[1]
  • Phosphorus pentabromide
  • Tetrabromophosphonium bromide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.260 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 232-186-6
UNII
UN number 2691
  • InChI=1S/Br5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5 checkY
    Key: QRKVRHZNLKTPGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • BrP(Br)(Br)(Br)Br
Properties
PBr5
Molar mass 430.494 g·mol−1
Appearance Yellow crystalline solid[1]
Density 3.61 g/cm3
Melting point ca. 100 °C (decomposes)
Boiling point 106 °C (223 °F; 379 K) (decomposes)
Reacts with water
Solubility Decomposes in ethanol
Soluble in CCl4 and CS2
Hazards[1]
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
GHS labelling:
GHS05: Corrosive
Danger
H314
P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, P501
Related compounds
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
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Phosphorus pentabromide is a reactive, yellow solid of formula PBr5, which has the structure [PBr4]+Br− (tetrabromophosphonium bromide) in the solid state but in the vapor phase is completely dissociated to PBr3 and Br2. Rapid cooling of this phase to 15 K leads to formation of the ionic species phosphorus heptabromide (tetrabromophosphonium tribromide [PBr4]+[Br3]−).[2]

It can be used in organic chemistry to convert carboxylic acids to acyl bromides. It is highly corrosive. It strongly irritates skin and eyes.[1] It decomposes above 100 °C to give phosphorus tribromide and bromine:[3]

PBr5 → PBr3 + Br2

Reversing this equilibrium to generate PBr5 by addition of Br2 to PBr3 is difficult in practice because the product is susceptible to further addition to yield phosphorus heptabromide [PBr4]+[Br3]−.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Phosphorus pentabromide".
  2. ^ Corbridge, D. E. C. (2013). Phosphorus: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Sixth Edition. CRC Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4398-4088-7.
  3. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  4. ^ Popov, A. I.; Skelly, N. E. (1954). "Spectrophotometric Study of Phosphorus Pentabromide in Various Solvents". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (15): 3916–3919. doi:10.1021/ja01644a014.
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