Polish Canadians is a topic that has captured the attention of people of all ages and in all corners of the world. Since its origins, Polish Canadians has been the object of study, debate and admiration, and its impact has been felt in different aspects of society. Over time, Polish Canadians has evolved and adapted to changes and technological advances, always maintaining its relevance and its ability to generate discussion. In this article, we will explore the different aspects related to Polish Canadians, from its history to its influence today, with the aim of providing a complete and enriching vision of this fascinating topic.
Canadians with Polish ancestry
Polish Canadians Canadiens polonais Polonia w Kanadzie
Polish Canadians as % of population by area; also showing Polish Americans
Polish Canadians (Polish: Polonia w Kanadzie, French: Canadiens Polonais) are citizens of Canada with Polish ancestry, and Poles who immigrated to Canada from abroad. At the 2016 Census, there were 1,106,585 Canadians who claimed full or partial Polish heritage.
History
The first Polish immigrant on record, was Dominik Barcz, came to Canada in 1752. He was a fur merchant from Gdańsk who settled in Montreal. He was followed in 1757 by Charles Blaskowicz, a deputy surveyor-general of lands. In 1776 arrived army surgeon, August Franz Globensky. His grandson, Charles Auguste Maximilien Globensky, was elected to the House of Commons in Ottawa in 1875.[citation needed]
Among the earliest Polish immigrants to Canada were members of the Watt and De Meuron military regiments from Saxony and Switzerland sent overseas to help the British Army in North America. Several were émigrés who took part in the November Uprising of 1830 and the 1863 insurrection against the Russian Empire in the Russian sector of partitioned Poland.
In 1841, Casimir Stanislaus Gzowski arrived in Canada from partitioned Poland via the US, and for 50 years worked in the engineering, military and community sectors in Toronto and Southern Ontario, for which he was knighted by Queen Victoria. His great-great-grandson, Peter Gzowski, became one of Canada's famous radio personalities.
Charles Horecki immigrated in 1872. He was an engineer with the cross-Canada railway construction from Edmonton to the Pacific Ocean through the Peace River Valley. Today, a mountain and a body of water in British Columbia are named after him.[citation needed]
Polish immigration stopped during World War I and between the wars, over 100,000 Polish immigrants arrived in Canada.
Polish Canadian Population History
Year
Pop.
±%
1901
6,285
—
1911
33,652
+435.4%
1921
53,403
+58.7%
1931
145,503
+172.5%
1941
167,485
+15.1%
1951
219,845
+31.3%
1961
323,517
+47.2%
1971
316,430
−2.2%
1981
254,485
−19.6%
1986
612,105
+140.5%
1991
740,710
+21.0%
1996
786,735
+6.2%
2001
817,085
+3.9%
2006
984,565
+20.5%
2011
1,010,705
+2.7%
2016
1,106,585
+9.5%
Source: Statistics Canada : 17 Note: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.
The first significant group of Polish group-settlers were ethnic Kashubians from northern Poland, who were escaping Prussian and German oppression resulting from the occupation after the partitions. They arrived in Renfrew County of Ontario in 1858, where they founded the settlements of Wilno, Barry's Bay, and Round Lake. By 1890 there were about 270 Kashubian families working in the Madawaska Valley of Renfrew County, mostly in the lumber industry of the Ottawa Valley.
The consecutive waves of Polish immigrants in periods from 1890–1914, 1920–1939, and 1941 to this day, settled across Canada from Cape Breton to Vancouver, and made numerous and significant contributions to the agricultural, manufacturing, engineering, teaching, publishing, religious, mining, cultural, professional, sports, military, research, business, governmental and political life in Canada.[citation needed]
Geographical distribution
Data from this section from Statistics Canada, 2021.
All Polish Canadians including their descendants are encouraged by organizations such as the Congress, to preserve their background and retain some ties with Poland and its people. In the past, the most significant role in the preservation of various aspects of Polish traditions and customs among the Polish communities in Canada fell for the Polish urban parishes, which retain the use of the Polish language during services.
The first Polish Catholic priest visited Polish immigrants in 1862 in Kitchener. The first church serving Polish immigrants was built in 1875 in Wilno, Ontario. In Winnipeg, the Holy Ghost Church was built in 1899 with the church in Winnipeg publishing the first Polish newspaper in Canada, Gazeta Katolicka in 1908. In Sydney, Nova Scotia, St. Mary's Polish Parish was established in 1913 by immigrant steelworkers and coal miners, many of whom had previously formed the St. Michael's Polish Benefit Society (est. 1909). The parish remains the only Polish parish in Atlantic Canada, although there is a Polish mission (St. Faustina) in Halifax.
The first Polish-Canadian Roman Catholic bishop is Reverend Mathew Ustrzycki, consecrated in June 1985, auxiliary bishop of the Hamilton Diocese. There are Polish-Canadian priests in many congregations and orders, such as the Franciscans, Jesuits, Redemptorists, Saletinians, Resurrectionists, Oblates, Michaelites, and the Society of Christ. In addition, 80 priests serve in 120 parishes.
The Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in Canada
Canadian Federation of Polish Women
Federation of Polish Jews of Canada
Recognition
The Victoria Cross
Numerous Polish-Canadians have been recognized with awards and appointments by the Queen and the Canadian governments as well as universities and various organizations. One of the most notable recipients was Andrew Mynarski, pilot-gunner from Winnipeg, awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously for extreme valor in World War II.
The Order of Canada
Mary Adamowska Panaro, C.M. Winnipeg, Welfare Council of Winnipeg
Dr. Henry Wojcicki – Edmonton, distinguished psychiatrist, University of Alberta senator
Dr.Tom Brzustowski Waterloo, president of NSERC
Walter Gretzky, Brantford, Ontario, Canada
The Honourable Allan H. Wachowich, C.M., A.O.E., Q.C.Edmonton, Alberta. Member November 18, 2019.
Judges
Their Honours
Judge Paul Staniszewski – of Toronto, Montreal and the County Court of Windsor
Judge Alfred Harold Joseph Swencisky – of the Superior Court of BC in Vancouver; past president of the Vancouver Hospital Association
Judge P. Swiecicki – of the Superior Court of BC in Vancouver
Judge Allan H. J. Wachowich – of the Court of Queen's Bench in Edmonton
Chief Judge Edward R. Wachowich - of the Provincial Court of Alberta (deceased 2012)
Judge E.F. Wrzeszczinski-Wren – of the County Court of Toronto (deceased)
^Sheldon Kirshner (Sep 15, 2004). "Database"(PDF). The Polish-Jewish Heritage Foundation of Canada. The Canadian Jewish News, Toronto. Archived from the original(PDF file, direct download 351 KB) on May 15, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
^Heydenkorn, Benedykt (Spring–Summer 1982). "Polish press in Canada". Polyphony: The Bulletin of the Multicultural History Society of Ontario. 4 (1): 35. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
^Services, Government of Canada, Office of the Secretary to the Governor General, Information and Media. "Order of Canada". Archive.gg.ca. Retrieved 27 May 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)