Principles of Mathematical Logic
In this article, we will explore the issue of Principles of Mathematical Logic in greater depth, analyzing its origins, repercussions, and possible solutions. Principles of Mathematical Logic has been the subject of debate and controversy in recent years, and it is important to examine it from different perspectives to understand its scope and impact on today's society. Through research and analysis, we will seek to shed light on this topic and provide a more complete view of its implications. Additionally, we will examine how Principles of Mathematical Logic has evolved over time and the possible implications it has for the future. This article is intended to be a comprehensive guide to understanding Principles of Mathematical Logic in all its dimensions and to promote an informed debate about its relevance today.
Principles of Mathematical Logic is the 1950[1] American translation of the 1938 second edition[2] of David Hilbert's and Wilhelm Ackermann's classic text Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik,[3] on elementary mathematical logic. The 1928 first edition thereof is considered the first elementary text clearly grounded in the formalism now known as first-order logic (FOL). Hilbert and Ackermann also formalized FOL in a way that subsequently achieved canonical status. FOL is now a core formalism of mathematical logic, and is presupposed by contemporary treatments of Peano arithmetic and nearly all treatments of axiomatic set theory.
The 1928 edition included a clear statement of the Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem) for FOL, and also asked whether that logic was complete (i.e., whether all semantic truths of FOL were theorems derivable from the FOL axioms and rules). The former problem was answered in the negative first by Alonzo Church and independently by Alan Turing in 1936. The latter was answered affirmatively by Kurt Gödel in 1929.
In its description of set theory, mention is made of Russell's paradox and the Liar paradox (page 145). Contemporary notation for logic owes more to this text than it does to the notation of Principia Mathematica, long popular in the English speaking world.
Notes
- ^ Curry, Haskell B. (1953). "Review: Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik (3rd edition)" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 59 (3): 263–267. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1953-09701-4. The translation of the 1938 2nd German edition into English was published in 1950, while the 3rd German edition was published in 1949.
- ^ Rosser, Barkley (1938). "Review: Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik (2nd edition)" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (7): 474–475. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1938-06760-2.
- ^ Langford, C. H (1930). "Review of Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik by D. Hilbert and W. Ackermann" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 36 (1): 22–25. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1930-04859-4.
References
- David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann (1928). Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik (Principles of Mathematical Logic). Springer-Verlag, ISBN 0-8218-2024-9. This text went into four subsequent German editions, the last in 1972.
- Translators: Lewis M. Hammond, George G. Leckie & F. Steinhardt (1999) Principles of Mathematical Logic at Google Books
- Hendricks, Neuhaus, Petersen, Scheffler and Wansing (eds.) (2004). First-order logic revisited. Logos Verlag, ISBN 3-8325-0475-3. Proceedings of a workshop, FOL-75, commemorating the 75th anniversary of the publication of Hilbert and Ackermann (1928).
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