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Push and pull factors in migration

This article will address the topic of Push and pull factors in migration, which has stood out for its relevance in various areas of daily life. From its impact on the economy to its influence on popular culture, Push and pull factors in migration has sparked the interest and attention of a wide spectrum of individuals. Throughout history, Push and pull factors in migration has played a determining role in the configuration of different contexts and scenarios, setting patterns and trends that have left their mark on society. Through a deep and detailed analysis, the many facets of Push and pull factors in migration will be explored, unraveling its importance and implications in today's world.

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Immigration
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History and law
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Causes
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Push and pull factors in migration according to Everett S. Lee (1917-2007) are categories that demographers use to analyze human migration from former areas to new host locations. Lee's model divides factors causing migrations into two groups of factors: push and pull. Push factors are things that are unfavourable about the home area that one lives in, and pull factors are things that attract one to another host area.[1][2]

Factors

Push

  • Poverty
  • Political fear of persecution
  • Poor medical care
  • Loss of wealth
  • Natural disasters
  • Death threats
  • Desire for more political or religious freedom
  • Pollution
  • Poor housing
  • Bullying
  • Discrimination
  • Contamination
  • War/conflict
  • Sickness

Pull

  • Job opportunities
  • Higher benefits
  • Better living conditions
  • Having more political or religious freedom
  • Enjoyment
  • Education
  • Better medical care
  • Attractive climates
  • Security
  • Family links
  • Better areas for children

Criticism

Sociology professor Hein de Haas has criticized the push-pull model for its inability to explain real world migration patterns.[3]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Lee, Everett S. (1966). "A Theory of Migration". Demography. 3 (1): 47–57. doi:10.2307/2060063. JSTOR 2060063. S2CID 46976641.
  2. ^ Guido Dorigo, and Waldo Tobler, "Push-pull migration laws." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 73.1 (1983): 1-17 online
  3. ^ de Haas, Hein (2021-02-24). "A theory of migration: the aspirations-capabilities framework". Comparative Migration Studies. 9 (1) 8. Bibcode:2021CmpMS...9....8D. doi:10.1186/s40878-020-00210-4. ISSN 2214-594X. PMC 7902564. PMID 33680858.

Further reading

  • Azunre, Gideon Abagna, Richard Azerigyik, and Pearl Puwurayire. "Deciphering the drivers of informal urbanization by Ghana's urban poor through the lens of the push-pull theory." InPlaning Forum Vol. 18. (2021). online
  • Dorigo, Guido, and Waldo Tobler. "Push-pull migration laws." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 73.1 (1983): 1-17 online
  • Hoffmann, Ellen M., et al. "Is the push-pull paradigm useful to explain rural-urban migration? A case study in Uttarakhand, India." PloS one 14.4 (2019): e0214511. online
  • Khalid, Bilal, and Mariusz Urbański. "Approaches to understanding migration: a mult-country analysis of the push and pull migration trend." Economics & Sociology 14.4 (2021): 242–267. DOI:10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-4/14
  • Lee, Everett S. (1966). "A Theory of Migration". Demography. 3 (1): 47–57. doi:10.2307/2060063. JSTOR 2060063. S2CID 46976641.
  • Yaro, Joseph A. "Development as push and pull factor in migration." Migration & Entwicklung (2008): 16+ online.
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