In today's world, Sial dynasty is an issue that has become increasingly relevant in society. Whether due to its impact on health, its influence on popular culture or its importance in the global economy, Sial dynasty has become a focus of attention for experts, academics and the general public. Throughout history, Sial dynasty has been the subject of debate and discussion, generating endless opinions and perspectives. In this article, we will explore the different facets of Sial dynasty, analyzing its evolution over time and its role today. From its impact on technology to its relevance in the political sphere, Sial dynasty continues to be a topic of universal interest that continues to generate interest and analysis.
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Sial State | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1727–1818 | |||||||||
Status | Chieftainship | ||||||||
Capital | Jhang | ||||||||
Common languages | |||||||||
Ethnic groups | Punjabis (with the Sials being the dynastic rulers) | ||||||||
Religion | Islam (dynastic) | ||||||||
Chief | |||||||||
• 1723 – 1747 | Walidad Khan Sial (founder) | ||||||||
• 1747 – 1787 | Inayatullah Khan Sial | ||||||||
• 1787 – 1798 | Sultan Kabir Khan Sial | ||||||||
• 1798 – 1818 | Ahmad Khan Sial (last) | ||||||||
Area | |||||||||
• Total | 6,007 sq mi (15,560 km2) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | Pakistan |
Sial dynasty was a Punjabi chieftaincy that ruled over the Sial state (c.1727–1818) in central Punjab during 18th century. It was centred in Jhang.
The 13th Sials chief, Walidad Khan established a strong regional state in early 18th century following decline of the Mughal Empire which was supported by a large agricultural base along river Chenab. He gained control of Rechna Doab including cities of Chiniot, Pindi Bhattian, Jhang and Mankera. Next chief, Inayatullah Khan (r.1747–1787) was a successful General who won 22 battles against Bhangi Misl and the Multan chiefs. His son, Sultan Kabir Khan was a mild ruler and his reign was peaceful. In 1798, he abdicated in the favour of his son, Ahmed Khan, who was the last Sial ruler. In 1803, he was forced to pay tribute to Ranjit Singh, whom would ultimately conquer the Sial capital of Jhang in 1807. The basis for this annexation was that Ahmad Khan Sial was making an alliance with Nawab Muzaffar Khan of Multan and had signed a secret treaty with the latter. However, Ahmed Khan seized control of Jhang again in 1808 with the help of Pathans of Multan. Ultimately, Ranjit Singh again invaded Sial-ruled territories in 1810 while going on campaign against Nawab of Multan, and defeated the outnumbered Sials, capturing Chiniot and Jhang. The Sial rule ended in 1818.
Jhang is located about 200 kilometres south of Lahore. It had historically a great politico-strategic importance for two reasons: the Sial dynasty was once powerful and Jhang was situated on the main communication line between Lahore and Multan. Parts of the vast district were taken away by the British and later by the Government of Pakistan when they created new districts. Today Jhang consists of three tehsils: Jhang, Chiniot and Shorkot.
When Ranjit Singh realised that Ahmad Khan Sial of Jhang had concluded a secret treaty with Nawab Muzaffar Khan of Multan, he annexed Jhang in 1807 and gave Ahmad Khan a jagir at Mirowal near Amritsar.