Tolatecan languages
In this article we will delve into the fascinating world of Tolatecan languages, exploring its multiple dimensions and its impact on everyday life. From its origin to its evolution over time, Tolatecan languages has been the object of interest and study in various disciplines. We will analyze its relevance in the current context, as well as the different perspectives that exist around this topic. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we will seek to shed light on little-known aspects of Tolatecan languages, with the aim of offering a broad and enriching vision on this topic of general interest.
| Tolatecan | |
|---|---|
| (abandoned) | |
| Geographic distribution | Mesoamerica |
| Linguistic classification | Proposed language family |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | None |
 | |
Tolatecan is a proposal by Campbell and Oltrogge (1980) linking two language families of Mesoamerica, Tequistlatecan (Chontal of Oaxaca) and Tol/Jicaque languages of Honduras.[1] Later, Campbell (1997) said that Tolatecan is not likely to be a valid language family.[2]
Both Tequistlatecan and Tol have been at times also included in the larger Hokan proposal, but without any especial relationship within it.
Vocabulary
Below is a comparison of selected basic vocabulary items in Proto-Jicaque and the Tequistlatecan languages.
gloss Proto-Jicaque[3] Huamelultec[4] Highland Chontal[5] Tequistlatec[6] head *ha(y)pʰuk hwaj ƚiWak fa hair *¢ʼil hwak’ ƚaWak fah eye a’u ƚiʔi ’uh ear *pʰa¢ʼ as’mas lišʔmas nose *mik ’nał ƚiʔnat ’nali tooth *wis a’ay’ lihaʔ ai’ tongue *pelam pał ƚipaƚ pala mouth *mɨy-pʰini(h); *lala ak’o likó ko hand *mas ? mane’ ƚimane foot *tek 'leg' a’miš liʔmi¢ breast tyuwe latuwe pare meat *pis išik’ lišik’ ci’ blood *kʼas hwac’ ƚaWa¢’ fas bone *kʰele ekał lekaƚ person *yom akwe’ kal šans name puftyiñe ƚaftine dog *¢ʰiyo(h) milya’ kal ¢iki tsigi fish *kʰul atyu’ ƚatu tu’u louse *tɨtʼ aykwix ƚaykwi tree *yo(h) ’ex al ʔek leaf ipela lipela pela flower ipa’ lipaʔ pipi water *sɨ(tʰ) axa’ lahaʔ xa fire *kʼawa unkwa’ ƚuŋa ngwa stone *pe(h) apix ƚapik pih earth *(a)ma(h) amac’ ƚama¢’ salt *¢olim u’we ƚoʔwe weh road ane’ lane ne eat *la ? sago’ma lihaʔ 'food' te, tes die *pɨʔ ? ma’ma timá ma I *nap ? iya’ iyaʔ ya you *hip ima’ imaʔ ma
References
- ^ Campbell, Lyle, and David Oltrogge (1980). "Proto-Tol (Jicaque)." International Journal of American Linguistics, 46:205-223.
- ^ Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages, The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Campbell, Lyle and David Oltrogge. 1980. Proto-Tol (Jicaque). International Journal of American Linguistics 46: 205-223.
- ^ O'Connor, Loretta. 2014. Chontal de San Pedro Huamelula, Sierra baja de Oaxaca. (Archivo de Lenguas Indígenas de México, 33.) México: El Colegio de México.
- ^ Waterhouse, Viola. 1980. Chontal de la Sierra de Oaxaca. Archivo de Lenguas Indígenas de México, 7. México: Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigación para la Integración Social.
- ^ de Angulo, Jaime and Lucy S. Freeland. 1925. The Chontal Language (Dialect of Tequixistlan). Anthropos 20: 1032-1052.
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