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Treaty of Pyzdry

Currently, Treaty of Pyzdry has become a topic of great relevance and interest for different areas of society. From academia to business, Treaty of Pyzdry has captured the attention of many people due to its impact and relevance today. Technological and social advances have contributed to the growth and importance of Treaty of Pyzdry in contemporary life, which has generated endless debates, discussions and analyzes around this topic. That is why this article will address in detail and critically the importance of Treaty of Pyzdry today, as well as its influence on different aspects of modern life.

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Treaty of Pyzdry
SignedNovember 2, 1390 (1390-11-02)
LocationPyzdry, Poland
Original
signatories		 King Władysław II Jagiełło
Duke Wartislaw VII
Parties Kingdom of Poland
Duchy of Słupsk

The Treaty of Pyzdry was signed on 2 November 1390 between Władysław II Jagiełło, king of Poland and Wartislaw VII of Pomerania-Stolp (Duchy of Słupsk).[1] The treaty, signed in Pyzdry, contained an oath of vassalage of Wartislaw to Jagiełło, the obligation to support the latter in the Polish-Teutonic War, and mutual trade alleviations for Pomeranian and Polish merchants.[2] Wartislaw VII, who with his brothers was allied with the Teutonic Order before,[3] received the Polish castellany of Nakło and probably some adjacent areas as a fief.[4][5]

Interpretation of the treaty

King Władysław II Jagiełło and Duke Wartislaw VII, signatories of the treaty

Since the treaty does not specify the oath of vassalage of Wartislaw VII to Jagiello,[6] different interpretations of the treaty are offered by historians:

  • Gòrski (1947),[7] Labuda (1948),[7] Bardach (1960),[8] Fenrych (1961)[7] and Czaplinski (1970)[6] said the oath was for all territory held by Wartislaw VII, including Pomerania-Stolp;
  • Mitkowski (1946),[7] Zientara (1969)[7] and Jasienica (1978)[9] said the oath was for the territory Waritislaw received as fiefs from Jagiełło (especially Nakło);
  • Mielcarz (1976)[7] said the oath was binding only Wartislaw himself, as a person, to Jagiełło;
  • Gumowski (1951)[7] said the document shows Wartislaw giving a general solemn promise of service.

In recent historiography, Kosman (1995) interprets the treaty in a way that Pomerania-Stolp became a Polish fief,[10] while Dzięgielewski (1995),[11] Czacharowski (2001)[12] and Buchholz (1999)[4] say the treaty was an alliance and the oath refers to Nakło being held as a Polish fief. Piskorski (1999) says that after the Duchy of Pomerania retained the Imperial immediacy it had gained in 1348 throughout the 14th and 15th centuries.[13] With respect to the discourse in Polish historiography, Branig and Buchholz (1997) say that however the treaty is interpreted, it did not have any significance for the future.[14]

Aftermath

During the Polish-Teutonic wars, the Pomeranian dukes changed sides between Poland and the knights very frequently.[15] Wartislaw's brothers Barnim V and Bogislaw VIII took on a friendly attitude towards the Teutonic Order, and Naklo returned to the Polish Crown after Wartislaw's death.[15] Wartislaw went on a pilgrimage in 1392/1393,[16] and died either in 1394 or 1395.[17]

References

  1. ^ Heitz, Gerhard; Rischer, Henning (1995). Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (in German). Münster-Berlin: Koehler&Amelang. p. 187. ISBN 3-7338-0195-4.
  2. ^ Inachin, Kyra T. (2008). Die Geschichte Pommerns (in German). Rostock: Hinstorff. p. 36. ISBN 978-3-356-01044-2.
  3. ^ Michael Müller-Wille, ed. (1995). Slawen und Deutsche im südlichen Ostseeraum vom 11. bis zum 16. Jahrhundert. Wachholtz. p. 153. ISBN 3-529-06452-1.
  4. ^ a b Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.157, ISBN 3-88680-272-8
  5. ^ Czacharowski, Antoni (2001). Bürgertum und Rittertum im Spätmittelalter. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. p. 146. ISBN 83-231-1304-1.
  6. ^ a b Władysław Czapliński, Tadeusz Ładogórski, Atlas historyczny polski, Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych, 1970, p.12
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Branig, Hans; Werner Buchholz (1997). Werner Buchholz (ed.). Geschichte Pommerns, Volume I, Vom Werden des neuzeitlichen Staates bis zum Verlust der staatlichen Selbständigkeit, 1300-1648. Böhlau. pp. 29–30. ISBN 3-412-07189-7.
  8. ^ Juliusz Bardach, Historia państwa i prawa Polski, Volume 1, Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe, 1964, p.589
  9. ^ Jasienica, Paweł (1978). Jagiellonian Poland. American Institute of Polish Culture. p. 100.
  10. ^ Marceli Kosman, Na tropach bohaterów Krzyżaków, Książka i Wiedza, 1995, ISBN 83-05-12746-X, p.27
  11. ^ Dzięgielewski, Jan (1995). Encyklopedia historii Polski: dzieje polityczne. Vol. II. Morex. p. 520. ISBN 83-904121-2-8.
  12. ^ Czacharowski, Antoni (2001). Bürgertum und Rittertum im Spätmittelalter. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. pp. 146–148. ISBN 83-231-1304-1.
  13. ^ Piskorski, Jan Maria (1999). Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten. Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich. p. 103. ISBN 83-906184-8-6. OCLC 43087092.
  14. ^ Branig, Hans; Werner Buchholz (1997). Werner Buchholz (ed.). Geschichte Pommerns, Volume I, Vom Werden des neuzeitlichen Staates bis zum Verlust der staatlichen Selbständigkeit, 1300-1648. Böhlau. p. 30. ISBN 3-412-07189-7.
  15. ^ a b Czacharowski, Antoni (2001). Bürgertum und Rittertum im Spätmittelalter. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika. p. 148. ISBN 83-231-1304-1.
  16. ^ Piskorski, Jan Maria (1999). Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten. Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich. p. 117. ISBN 83-906184-8-6. OCLC 43087092.
  17. ^ Zdrenka, Joachim (1995). "Die Pilgerfahrten der pommerschen Herzöge ins Heilige Land in den Jahren 1392/1393 und 1406/1407". Baltische Studien. 81 (127). Marburg: Elwert: 10–11.
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