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Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Physical sciences/Physics

In today's world, Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Physical sciences/Physics is an issue that has become increasingly relevant in society. Whether due to its impact on health, its influence on popular culture or its importance in the global economy, Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Physical sciences/Physics has become a focus of attention for experts, academics and the general public. Throughout history, Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Physical sciences/Physics has been the subject of debate and discussion, generating endless opinions and perspectives. In this article, we will explore the different facets of Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Physical sciences/Physics, analyzing its evolution over time and its role today. From its impact on technology to its relevance in the political sphere, Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/Physical sciences/Physics continues to be a topic of universal interest that continues to generate interest and analysis.

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Level 5 Sublists

Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of the sub-lists of the fifty thousand article Vital articles/Level 5 and is currently under construction.

Articles in the Vital list have their assessments labelled as:

  • Featured articles
  • Former featured articles
  • A-class articles
  • Good articles
  • Delisted good articles
  • Failed good article nominees
  • B-class articles
  • C-class articles
  • Start-class articles
  • Stub-class articles
  • List-class articles
  • Unassessed articles

The progress bar is auto-updated via category count, and the symbols and article counts are updated daily by User:cewbot. Please read the FAQ before modifying the article list.

Quota 1,200 articles.

Total 1,173 articles.

Class #Articles
FA 8
GA 11
B 290
C 495
LIST 3
FFA 5
DGA 19
Start 359
Stub 7

Physics

This section contains 1173 articles.

Physics basics

This section contains 76 articles.

Physics basics: General

This section contains 60 articles.

Physical constants

This section contains 16 articles.

Atomic and molecular physics

This section contains 48 articles.

Color

This section contains 76 articles.

Condensed matter physics

This section contains 93 articles.

Basics

This section contains 8 articles.

  1. Condensed matter physics (Level 4)
  2. Solid-state physics (Level 4)
  3. Mesoscopic physics
  4. Einstein solid
  5. Nanoparticle
  6. Soft matter
  7. Bonding in solids
  8. Bloch's theorem

Electric and magnetic properties of materials

This section contains 10 articles.

  1. Electronic band structure
    1. Band gap
    2. Fermi level
    3. Valence and conduction bands
  2. Free electron model
  3. Hubbard model
    1. Mott insulator
  4. Rock magnetism
  5. Plasmon
  6. Polaron

Crystallography

This section contains 32 articles.

  1. Crystallography (Level 4)
  2. Crystal (Level 4)
  3. Crystallization (Level 4)
    1. Crystal growth
    2. Grain growth
  4. Crystal structure
  5. Crystal system
    1. Triclinic crystal system
    2. Monoclinic crystal system
    3. Orthorhombic crystal system
    4. Tetragonal crystal system
    5. Hexagonal crystal family
    6. Cubic crystal system
  6. Perovskite (structure)
  7. Unit cell
    1. Bravais lattice
  8. Reciprocal lattice
    1. Brillouin zone
    2. Fermi surface
  9. Crystal optics
  10. Crystallographic defect
    1. Grain boundary
    2. Dislocation
    3. Misorientation
    4. Vacancy defect
  11. Crystal twinning
  12. Miller index
  13. Atomic packing factor
  14. Coordination number
  15. Crystal polymorphism
  16. X-ray crystallography
  17. Crystal engineering

States of matter

This section contains 19 articles.

  1. State of matter (Level 3)
  2. Solid (Level 3)
    1. Amorphous solid (Level 4)
  3. Liquid (Level 3)
  4. Gas (Level 3)
    1. Vapor (Level 4)
  5. Plasma (physics) (Level 3)
    1. Vlasov equation
  6. Degenerate matter (Level 4)
    1. Bose gas
    2. Fermi gas
  7. Bose–Einstein condensate (Level 4)
  8. Superfluidity
  9. Supercritical fluid
  10. Supersolid
  11. Liquid crystal
  12. Quasiparticle
    1. Electron hole
    2. Phonon

Phase transitions

This section contains 24 articles.

  1. Phase transition (Level 4)
  2. Phase (matter) (Level 4)
  3. Phase diagram (Level 4)
  4. Boiling (Level 4)
    1. Boiling point
    2. Superheating
  5. Melting (Level 4)
    1. Melting point
  6. Freezing (Level 4)
  7. Evaporation (Level 4)
  8. Condensation (Level 4)
    1. Superheated steam
  9. Vaporization
  10. Ionization (Level 4)
  11. Plasma recombination
  12. Sublimation (phase transition)
  13. Deposition (phase transition)
  14. Critical point (thermodynamics) (Level 4)
    1. Self-organized criticality
  15. Triple point (Level 4)
  16. Metallization pressure
    1. Metallic hydrogen
  17. Curie temperature
  18. Phase rule

Electromagnetism

This section contains 139 articles.

Basics

This section contains 13 articles.

  1. Classical electromagnetism
  2. Electricity (Level 2)
  3. Magnetism (Level 3)
    1. Magnet (Level 4)
      1. Electromagnet (Level 4)
  4. Dipole (Level 4)
  5. Metamaterial (Level 4)
    1. Negative-index metamaterial
    2. Photonic metamaterial
    3. Tunable metamaterial
    4. Nonlinear metamaterial
  6. Oil drop experiment (Level 4)
  7. Photoelectric effect (Level 4)

Electrostatics

This section contains 19 articles.

  1. Electrostatics (Level 4)
    1. Static electricity
  2. Coulomb's law (Level 4)
  3. Electric charge (Level 4)
    1. Charge density
  4. Electric field (Level 4)
    1. Electric displacement field
    2. Electric-field screening
      1. Debye length
  5. Electric potential (Level 4)
    1. Voltage (Level 4)
  6. Electric potential energy
  7. Electric flux
  8. Electric dipole moment
  9. Polarization density
  10. Dielectric (Level 4)
  11. Electric susceptibility
  12. Electrostatic induction
  13. Permittivity

Magnetostatics

This section contains 20 articles.

  1. Magnetostatics (Level 4)
  2. Magnetic field (Level 4)
  3. Magnetic flux
  4. Biot–Savart law
  5. Magnetic dipole
  6. Magnetic moment
  7. Magnetization
    1. Antiferromagnetism
    2. Diamagnetism
    3. Ferrimagnetism
    4. Ferromagnetism (Level 4)
      1. Ising model
      2. Potts model
    5. Paramagnetism
    6. Spontaneous magnetization
  8. Magnetic susceptibility
  9. Permeability (electromagnetism)
  10. Magnetic monopole
  11. Magnetohydrodynamics
  12. Ampère's force law

Electrodynamics

This section contains 26 articles.

  1. Maxwell's equations (Level 4)
    1. Gauss's law
    2. Gauss's law for magnetism
    3. Ampère's circuital law
    4. Faraday's law of induction
  2. Lorentz force (Level 4)
  3. Electromagnetic field (Level 4)
  4. Electromagnetic four-potential
    1. Lorenz gauge condition
  5. Electric current (Level 4)
    1. Alternating current (Level 4)
    2. Direct current (Level 4)
    3. Current density
  6. Displacement current
  7. Electric power
    1. AC power
  8. Electromagnetic induction (Level 4)
  9. Electromotive force (Level 4)
  10. Eddy current (Level 4)
  11. Hall effect
    1. Quantum Hall effect
  12. Electrical resistivity and conductivity
  13. Retarded time
  14. Lenz's law
  15. Poynting's theorem
  16. Right-hand rule

Electromagnetic radiation

This section contains 37 articles.

  1. Electromagnetic radiation (Level 3)
    1. Electromagnetic wave equation
  2. Electromagnetic spectrum (Level 4)
    1. Radio wave (Level 4)
    2. Microwave (Level 4)
    3. Terahertz radiation
    4. Infrared (Level 4)
    5. Light (Level 3)
      1. Visible spectrum (Level 4)
    6. Ultraviolet (Level 4)
    7. X-ray (Level 4)
    8. Gamma ray (Level 4)
  3. Poynting vector
  4. Evanescent field
  5. Transverse mode
  6. Waveguide (radio frequency)
  7. Larmor formula
  8. Bremsstrahlung (Level 4)
  9. Cyclotron radiation
  10. Synchrotron radiation
  11. Compton scattering
  12. Radiative transfer
  13. Faraday effect
  14. Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
    1. Absorption band
  15. Near and far field
  16. Radiant flux
  17. Irradiance
  18. Point source
  19. Radiance
  20. Radiometry
  21. Spectral density
  22. Luminescence
    1. Fluorescence (Level 4)
    2. Phosphorescence
    3. Scintillation (physics)
      1. Scintillator

Electrical circuits

This section contains 24 articles.

  1. Electrical network (Level 4)
  2. Electrical impedance (Level 4)
  3. Electrical reactance
  4. Electrical resistance and conductance (Level 4)
    1. Joule heating
    2. Ohm's law (Level 4)
  5. Electrical conductor
    1. Electrode
  6. Insulator (electricity)
  7. Semiconductor (Level 3)
    1. Depletion region
    2. Metal–semiconductor junction
    3. Ohmic contact
  8. Superconductivity (Level 4)
    1. Cooper pair
    2. High-temperature superconductivity
    3. Josephson effect
    4. Type-I superconductor
    5. Type-II superconductor
  9. Capacitance (Level 4)
  10. Gain (electronics) (Level 4)
  11. Ground (electricity)
  12. Inductance (Level 4)
  13. Kirchhoff's circuit laws (Level 4)

Mechanics

This section contains 377 articles.

Basics

This section contains 24 articles.

  1. Mechanics (Level 4)
    1. Ballistics (Level 4)
    2. Continuum mechanics (Level 4)
    3. Flight (Level 4)
    4. Kinematics (Level 4)
      1. Chasles' theorem (kinematics)
      2. Screw axis
    5. Mechanical advantage
    6. Statics (Level 4)
  2. Collision
    1. Elastic collision
    2. Inelastic collision
  3. Degrees of freedom (mechanics)
  4. Displacement (geometry)
  5. Free particle
  6. Mechanical equilibrium
  7. Oscillation (Level 4)
    1. Harmonic oscillator (Level 4)
      1. Simple harmonic motion (Level 4)
    2. Normal mode
  8. Point particle
  9. Shock (mechanics)
  10. Test particle
  11. Virial theorem

Quantum mechanics

This section contains 99 articles.

  1. Quantum mechanics (Level 3)
    1. Introduction to quantum mechanics
    2. Quantum
  2. AdS/CFT correspondence
  3. Born rule
  4. Bra–ket notation
  5. Correspondence principle
    1. Ehrenfest theorem
  6. Dirac equation
    1. Pauli equation
    2. Pauli matrices
  7. Expectation value (quantum mechanics)
  8. Gauge theory (Level 4)
    1. Introduction to gauge theory
  9. Gyromagnetic ratio
    1. g-factor (physics)
  10. Interpretations of quantum mechanics
    1. Copenhagen interpretation
    2. De Broglie–Bohm theory
      1. Quantum potential
    3. Many-worlds interpretation
    4. Schwinger's quantum action principle
  11. Hidden-variable theory
  12. Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
  13. Matrix mechanics
    1. BKS theory
  14. Measurement in quantum mechanics
    1. Measurement problem
  15. Observable
    1. Invariant (physics)
    2. Quantum contextuality
    3. Schrödinger's cat
  16. Operator (physics)
    1. Angular momentum operator
    2. Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
      1. Unitary transformation (quantum mechanics)
    3. Momentum operator
    4. Position operator
    5. Rotation operator (quantum mechanics)
  17. Parity (physics)
    1. Wu experiment
  18. Particle in a box
    1. Finite potential well
      1. Delta potential
  19. Path integral formulation
  20. Pauli exclusion principle (Level 4)
  21. Perturbation theory
    1. Fermi's golden rule
  22. Planck postulate
  23. Position and momentum spaces
  24. Probability amplitude
  25. Problem of time
  26. Quantization (physics)
  27. Quantum chromodynamics (Level 4)
  28. Quantum electrodynamics (Level 4)
    1. Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory
  29. Quantum entanglement (Level 4)
    1. Bell's theorem
      1. Bell test
    2. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox
    3. Quantum nonlocality
  30. Quantum field theory (Level 4)
    1. Casimir effect
    2. Conformal field theory
    3. Propagator
    4. Quantum vacuum state
      1. QCD vacuum
      2. QED vacuum
  31. Quantum fluctuation
    1. Quantum foam
  32. Quantum harmonic oscillator
  33. Quantum indeterminacy
  34. Quantum information
  35. Quantum number
  36. Quantum state
    1. Bound state
    2. Excited state
    3. Ground state
      1. Topological order
    4. Stationary state
    5. Virtual state
  37. Quantum superposition
  38. Quantum tunnelling (Level 4)
  39. Relativistic quantum mechanics
  40. Schrödinger equation (Level 4)
  41. Stern–Gerlach experiment
  42. Symmetry in quantum mechanics
  43. Uncertainty principle (Level 4)
  44. Variational method (quantum mechanics)
  45. Wave function (Level 4)
    1. Wave function collapse
  46. Wave–particle duality (Level 4)
    1. Compton wavelength
    2. Davisson–Germer experiment
    3. Electron diffraction
      1. Double-slit experiment
    4. Matter wave
  47. WKB approximation
  48. Zero-point energy

Theory of relativity

This section contains 45 articles.

Classical mechanics

This section contains 97 articles.

  1. Classical mechanics (Level 3)
    1. Analytical mechanics
    2. Hamiltonian mechanics (Level 4)
      1. Poisson bracket
    3. Lagrangian mechanics (Level 4)
      1. D'Alembert's principle
      2. Euler–Lagrange equation
      3. Generalized coordinates
      4. Virtual work
  2. Action (physics)
  3. Angular acceleration
    1. Angular momentum (Level 4)
    2. Centripetal force (Level 4)
  4. Angular displacement
  5. Angular frequency
  6. Angular velocity
  7. Canonical coordinates
  8. Damping
  9. Force (Level 3)
    1. Central force
    2. Conservative force
    3. Fictitious force
      1. Centrifugal force
      2. Coriolis force (Level 4)
    4. Normal force
    5. Resultant force
    6. Restoring force
  10. Frame of reference (Level 4)
    1. Inertial frame of reference
    2. Non-inertial reference frame
  11. Free body diagram
    1. Net force
  12. Force field (physics)
  13. Friction (Level 4)
    1. Rolling resistance
  14. Galilean transformation
    1. Absolute space and time
    2. Galilean invariance
    3. Relative velocity
  15. Gravitational field
  16. Gravitational potential
  17. Impact (mechanics)
    1. Mechanical resonance
  18. Impulse (physics) (Level 4)
  19. Inertia (Level 4)
  20. Kinetic energy (Level 4)
  21. Mass (Level 3)
    1. Density (Level 4)
    2. Center of mass
    3. Conservation of mass (Level 4)
    4. Reduced mass
  22. Moment (physics)
  23. Moment of inertia (Level 4)
  24. Momentum (Level 3)
  25. Motion (Level 3)
    1. Acceleration (Level 4)
    2. Bouncing ball
    3. Circular motion
    4. Equations for a falling body
    5. Equations of motion (Level 4)
      1. Constant of motion
    6. Free fall
    7. Jerk (physics)
    8. Linear motion
    9. Locomotion in space
    10. Newton's laws of motion (Level 3)
      1. Newtonian dynamics
    11. Position (geometry)
    12. Projectile motion
    13. Speed (Level 4)
    14. Steady state
    15. Trajectory
    16. Velocity (Level 4)
  26. n-body problem
    1. Two-body problem
      1. Kepler problem
  27. Newton's law of universal gravitation (Level 4)
    1. Cavendish experiment
  28. Perpetual motion
  29. Potential energy (Level 4)
    1. Potential well
  30. Power (physics) (Level 4)
  31. Precession
  32. Projectile
  33. Radiation pressure
  34. Reaction (physics)
  35. Rolling
  36. Rotation (Level 4)
  37. Scalar potential
    1. Equipotential
  38. Tidal force
  39. Torque (Level 4)
  40. Vector potential
  41. Vibration
  42. Weight (Level 4)
    1. Weighing scale (Level 4)
  43. Work (physics) (Level 4)

Fluid mechanics

This section contains 53 articles.

  1. Fluid mechanics (Level 4)
  2. Bernoulli's principle (Level 4)
  3. Boundary layer
  4. Buoyancy (Level 4)
    1. Archimedes' principle
    2. Metacentric height
  5. Circulation (physics)
    1. Kelvin's circulation theorem
  6. Compressibility
    1. Compressible flow
    2. Incompressible flow
  7. Computational fluid dynamics
  8. Convection (Level 4)
  9. Deformation (physics)
  10. Diffusion (Level 4)
    1. Diffusion equation
  11. Drag (physics) (Level 4)
  12. Euler equations (fluid dynamics)
  13. Flow measurement
    1. Mass flow rate
    2. Volumetric flow rate
  14. Fluid
    1. Newtonian fluid
    2. Non-Newtonian fluid
  15. Fluid dynamics (Level 4)
    1. Aerodynamics (Level 4)
    2. Flow visualization
  16. Flow velocity
  17. Hydrostatics
    1. Communicating vessels
    2. Hydrostatic equilibrium
    3. Pascal's law
    4. Vertical pressure variation
  18. Laminar flow
    1. Hagen–Poiseuille equation
  19. Lift (force) (Level 4)
  20. Mass flow (life sciences)
  21. Navier–Stokes equations (Level 4)
    1. Berman flow
    2. Jeffery–Hamel flow
    3. Rayleigh problem
    4. Stokes problem
    5. Taylor–Culick flow
  22. Osmosis (Level 4)
  23. Pipe flow
  24. Reynolds number (Level 4)
  25. Rheology
  26. Slosh dynamics
    1. Free surface effect
  27. Surface tension (Level 4)
  28. Turbulence (Level 4)
  29. Viscosity (Level 4)
  30. Vorticity

Solid mechanics

This section contains 30 articles.

  1. Solid mechanics (Level 4)
  2. Bulk modulus
  3. Contact mechanics
  4. Crystallite
  5. Deformation (engineering) (Level 4)
    1. Poisson's ratio
  6. Elastic modulus (Level 4)
  7. Elasticity (physics) (Level 4)
  8. Fatigue (material) (Level 4)
  9. Finite strain theory
  10. Fracture toughness
  11. Hooke's law (Level 4)
  12. Plasticity (physics) (Level 4)
    1. Brittleness
    2. Ductility
  13. Piezoelectricity
  14. Rigid body
    1. Rigid body dynamics
  15. Shearing (physics)
  16. Shear modulus
  17. Stiffness (Level 4)
  18. Strength of materials (Level 4)
  19. Stress (mechanics) (Level 4)
    1. Cauchy stress tensor
    2. Compression (physics)
    3. Tension (physics)
    4. Torsion (mechanics)
    5. Shear stress
  20. Toughness
  21. Young's modulus

Soil mechanics

This section contains 3 articles.

  1. Soil mechanics
  2. Angle of repose
  3. Granular convection

Statistical mechanics

This section contains 26 articles.

  1. Statistical mechanics (Level 4)
  2. Boltzmann distribution
  3. Density of states
  4. Detailed balance
  5. Distribution function (physics)
    1. Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
  6. Ensemble (mathematical physics)
    1. Canonical ensemble
      1. Grand canonical ensemble
      2. Microcanonical ensemble
  7. Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)
    1. Entropy as an arrow of time
    2. Entropy (energy dispersal)
    3. Entropy (order and disorder)
  8. Fluctuation–dissipation theorem
  9. Indistinguishable particles
  10. Maxwell's demon
  11. Microstate (statistical mechanics)
  12. Molecular diffusion
  13. Particle statistics
    1. Bose–Einstein statistics
    2. Fermi–Dirac statistics
      1. Fermi energy
    3. Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics
  14. Partition function (statistical mechanics)
  15. Work (thermodynamics)

Nuclear physics

This section contains 34 articles.

Particle physics

This section contains 127 articles.

Particle physics: General

This section contains 31 articles.

  1. Particle physics (Level 3)
  2. Standard Model (Level 3)
    1. Yang–Mills theory
      1. Yang–Mills existence and mass gap
    2. Higgs mechanism
    3. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
  3. Particle (Level 4)
  4. Scattering (Level 4)
    1. Elastic scattering
    2. Inelastic scattering
    3. Thomson scattering
  5. Annihilation
  6. CP violation
  7. CPT symmetry
  8. Electroweak interaction
  9. Hierarchy problem
  10. Feynman diagram
  11. Generation (particle physics)
  12. Pair production
  13. Particle decay
    1. Free neutron decay
  14. Discovery of the neutron
  15. Charge conservation
  16. QCD matter
  17. Quark model
  18. Scalar field theory
  19. Symmetry breaking
    1. Spontaneous symmetry breaking
  20. Noether's theorem
  21. Baryon asymmetry
  22. Vacuum energy

Quantum numbers

This section contains 12 articles.

  1. Spin (physics) (Level 4)
    1. Spin-1/2
  2. Baryon number
  3. Lepton number
  4. Color charge
  5. Flavour (particle physics)
  6. Strangeness
  7. Isospin
  8. Weak isospin
  9. Hypercharge
  10. Weak hypercharge
  11. Chirality (physics)

Devices

This section contains 12 articles.

Particle accelerators

This section contains 7 articles.

  1. Particle accelerator (Level 4)
  2. Collider
  3. Linear particle accelerator
  4. Large Hadron Collider (Level 4)
  5. Tevatron (Level 4)
  6. Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
  7. Synchrotron

Particle detectors

This section contains 5 articles.

  1. Particle detector (Level 4)
  2. Semiconductor detector
  3. Cloud chamber (Level 4)
  4. Calorimeter (particle physics)
  5. Bubble chamber

Subatomic particles

This section contains 45 articles.

Subatomic particles: General

This section contains 8 articles.

  1. Subatomic particle (Level 3)
  2. Elementary particle
  3. List of particles
  4. Massless particle
  5. Virtual particle
  6. Tachyon
  7. Fermion (Level 4)
  8. Boson (Level 4)

Fermions

This section contains 16 articles.

Lepton

This section contains 9 articles.

  1. Lepton (Level 4)
  2. Electron (Level 3)
  3. Muon (Level 4)
  4. Tau (particle) (Level 4)
  5. Neutrino (Level 4)
    1. Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment
    2. Electron neutrino
    3. Muon neutrino
    4. Tau neutrino
Quarks

This section contains 7 articles.

  1. Quark (Level 4)
  2. Up quark
  3. Down quark
  4. Strange quark
  5. Charm quark
  6. Bottom quark
  7. Top quark

Hadrons

This section contains 13 articles.

  1. Hadron (Level 4)
    1. Eightfold way (physics)
    2. Parton (particle physics)
  2. Baryon (Level 4)
    1. Neutron (Level 3)
    2. Proton (Level 3)
    3. Hyperon
  3. Pentaquark
  4. Meson (Level 4)
    1. Pion
    2. Kaon
    3. J/psi meson
  5. Tetraquark

Bosons

This section contains 8 articles.

  1. Force carrier
  2. Gauge boson (Level 4)
    1. Photon (Level 3)
      1. Biophoton
    2. Gluon (Level 4)
    3. W and Z bosons (Level 4)
    4. Graviton
  3. Higgs boson (Level 4)

Antimatter

This section contains 7 articles.

  1. Antimatter (Level 4)
    1. Antihydrogen
  2. Antiparticle (Level 4)
    1. Positron (Level 4)
      1. Electron–positron annihilation
    2. Antiproton
    3. Antineutron

Physics beyond the Standard Model

This section contains 20 articles.

  1. Physics beyond the Standard Model (Level 4)
  2. Axion
  3. Grand Unified Theory
  4. Neutrino oscillation
    1. Neutral particle oscillation
  5. Proton decay
  6. Quantum gravity (Level 4)
    1. Loop quantum gravity
  7. String theory (Level 4)
    1. D-brane
    2. Brane
    3. M-theory
    4. String (physics)
    5. Superstring theory
  8. Supergravity
  9. Supersymmetry (Level 4)
    1. Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
  10. Theory of everything
  11. Unified field theory
    1. Classical unified field theories

Thermodynamics

This section contains 102 articles.

  1. Thermodynamics (Level 3)
  2. Heat (Level 4)
  3. Temperature (Level 3)
    1. Thermodynamic temperature
    2. Cold
    3. Absolute zero (Level 4)
  4. Pressure (Level 4)
    1. Internal pressure
    2. Partial pressure
    3. Pressure gradient
    4. Pressure–volume diagram
  5. Particle number
  6. Laws of thermodynamics (Level 4)
    1. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
    2. First law of thermodynamics
    3. Second law of thermodynamics
    4. Third law of thermodynamics
  7. Fundamental thermodynamic relation
  8. Heat capacity (Level 4)
    1. Heat capacity ratio
    2. Specific heat capacity
  9. Latent heat
  10. Heat transfer (Level 4)
    1. Heat equation
    2. Thermal conduction
    3. Convection (heat transfer)
    4. Newton's law of cooling
  11. Entropy (Level 4)
    1. Introduction to entropy
    2. Entropy (classical thermodynamics)
    3. Boltzmann's entropy formula
  12. Internal energy (Level 4)
  13. Thermodynamic cycle (Level 4)
    1. Brayton cycle
    2. Carnot cycle
    3. Diesel cycle
    4. Ericsson cycle
    5. Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
    6. Otto cycle
    7. Rankine cycle
    8. Stirling cycle
  14. Thermodynamic free energy (Level 4)
  15. Ideal gas
    1. Ideal gas law (Level 4)
  16. Heat engine
    1. Carnot heat engine
    2. Stirling engine
  17. Energy conversion efficiency
  18. Kinetic theory of gases
    1. Effusion
    2. Mean free path
  19. Thermodynamic state
    1. Equation of state
      1. Van der Waals equation
      2. Redlich–Kwong equation of state
      3. Virial expansion
  20. Thermal conductivity and resistivity
  21. Thermodynamic equilibrium
    1. Equilibrium thermodynamics
  22. Thermodynamic potential
    1. Enthalpy (Level 4)
      1. Enthalpy of vaporization
    2. Helmholtz free energy
    3. Gibbs free energy
  23. Thermal radiation
    1. Black-body radiation (Level 4)
    2. Black body
    3. Planck's law
    4. Planckian locus
    5. Stefan–Boltzmann law
    6. Ultraviolet catastrophe
    7. Wien approximation
    8. Wien's displacement law
  24. Equipartition theorem
  25. Thermodynamic process
    1. Adiabatic process
    2. Isenthalpic process
      1. Joule–Thomson effect
    3. Isothermal process
    4. Endothermic process
    5. Exothermic process
    6. Quasistatic process
    7. Reversible process (thermodynamics)
    8. Irreversible process
  26. Chemical potential
  27. Intensive and extensive properties
  28. Thermodynamic system
    1. Closed system
  29. Brownian motion
  30. Photon gas
  31. Entropy of mixing
  32. Fluctuation theorem
  33. Thermal energy
  34. Thermal equilibrium
  35. Thermodynamic equations
  36. Boltzmann equation
    1. H-theorem
    2. Loschmidt's paradox
  37. Maxwell relations
  38. Thermal expansion
  39. Thermal fluctuations
  40. Thermodynamic limit

Waves

This section contains 101 articles.

  1. Wave (Level 3)
    1. Transverse wave
    2. Longitudinal wave
  2. Mechanical wave
  3. Amplitude (Level 4)
  4. Phase (waves)
  5. Frequency (Level 4)
  6. Wavelength (Level 4)
  7. Wavenumber
  8. Wave vector
  9. Diffraction (Level 4)
    1. Diffraction-limited system
    2. Fraunhofer diffraction
    3. Huygens–Fresnel principle
      1. Fermat's principle
    4. Bragg's law
  10. Doppler effect (Level 4)
    1. Relativistic Doppler effect
  11. Wave interference (Level 4)
  12. Noise (Level 4)
  13. Resonance (Level 4)
  14. Superposition principle (Level 4)
  15. Wave equation (Level 4)
  16. Node (physics)
  17. Radio frequency
  18. Wavefront
  19. Harmonic
  20. Pulse (physics)
  21. Group velocity
  22. Phase velocity
  23. Shock wave
  24. Waveform
  25. Coherence (physics)
  26. Standing wave
  27. Wave packet
  28. Dispersion (water waves)
  29. Plane wave

Acoustics

This section contains 10 articles.

  1. Acoustics (Level 4)
  2. Sound (Level 3)
  3. Speed of sound (Level 4)
  4. Sonic boom
  5. Sound pressure
  6. Loudness
  7. Ultrasound (Level 4)
  8. Beat (acoustics)
  9. Echo
  10. Acoustic resonance

Optics

This section contains 54 articles.

  1. Optics (Level 3)
  2. Darkness
  3. Geometrical optics
    1. Caustic (optics)
    2. Optical path
      1. Optical path length
    3. Ray (optics)
  4. Physical optics
  5. Focus (optics) (Level 4)
  6. Focal length (Level 4)
  7. Optical aberration
    1. Chromatic aberration
    2. Spherical aberration
  8. Photonics
  9. Polarization (waves) (Level 4)
    1. Circular polarization
    2. Linear polarization
    3. Stokes parameters
  10. Reflection (physics) (Level 4)
    1. Curved mirror
    2. Reflection coefficient
    3. Transmission coefficient
    4. Total internal reflection
  11. Refraction (Level 4)
    1. Photonic crystal
    2. Refractive index (Level 4)
    3. Snell's law
  12. Transparency and translucency (Level 4)
  13. Opacity
  14. Optical depth
  15. Optical power
  16. Fresnel equations
  17. Nonlinear optics
  18. Birefringence
    1. Dichroism
  19. Intensity (physics)
  20. Newton's rings
  21. Rayleigh scattering
  22. Aperture
  23. Angle of incidence (optics)
  24. Virtual image
  25. Dispersion (optics)
  26. Shadow
  27. Beer–Lambert law
  28. Fourier optics
  29. Invisibility
  30. Iridescence
  31. Magnification
  32. Moiré pattern
  33. Photometry (optics)
    1. Illuminance
    2. Luminance
    3. Luminous flux
    4. Luminous intensity