Today, Zacharie Cloutier is a topic of great relevance in modern society. The importance of Zacharie Cloutier has been increasing in recent years, affecting different aspects of daily life. From politics to technology, through culture and economics, Zacharie Cloutier has become a determining factor in global decision-making. In this article, we will explore how Zacharie Cloutier influences various areas of our lives, analyzing its impact and presenting different perspectives on this topic that is so significant today.
Zacharie Cloutier (c. 1590 – September 17, 1677) was a French carpenter who immigrated to New France in 1634 in the first wave of the Percheron immigration from the former province of Perche, to an area that is today part of Quebec, Canada. He settled in Beauport and founded one of the foremost families of Quebec.
Early life
Many sources state that Zacharie Cloutier was born about 1590 in the parish of Saint-Jean, Mortagne-au-Perche, France. Cloutier was one of several children of Denis Cloutier and his first wife Renée Brière.
The notary Mathurin Roussel of Mortagne called Cloutier the "family peacemaker," describing how Cloutier helped his father and brother solve a dispute involving inheritance. In the parish of his birth, Cloutier wedded Xainte (aka Sainte) Dupont, on July 18, 1616. Xainte had been born around 1595 in Mortagne to Paul-Michel and Perrine Dupont, and was the widow of Michel Lermusier. He and his family were among a group of settlers who travelled from Perche, an area next to the old province of Normandy in France.
In 1619 Henri II de Montmorency purchased the New France colony from his brother-in-law Henry II of Bourbon. Included amongst the laborers hired to assist Samuel de Champlain in "inhabiting, clearing, cultivating and planting" New France were the names of Zacharie and his father Denis. This group was not a group of settlers, but a group of laborers, who would return to France once their work had been completed. Several years later, however, Cloutier returned to Canada to help establish a new settlement at Beauport.
Life in New France
Cloutier was one of the first Frenchmen recruited by Robert Giffard de Moncel to expand the colony of New France by settling the Beauport area near Quebec City. Cloutier arrived in 1634 (at the age of about 44) and either arrived with or was soon followed by his family. This was an important addition to the colony's population which numbered about 100 prior to his arrival. Cloutier worked with fellow immigrant Jean Guyon du Buisson to construct Giffard's manor house (the oldest house in Canada) and other colonial buildings.
Cloutier and Guyon resisted for several years paying the fealty and homage owed to Giffard under the Seigneurial system of New France until the Governor of New France explicitly ordered them to do so. This was one of the first disputes against transplanting Old World hierarchy to the New World that would carry through the centuries even past the time of the British conquest.
In 1652 Cloutier received a grant of land from Governor Jean de Lauzon in Château-Richer, Quebec. The land on which Cloutier lived in Beauport was known as La Clouterie (or La Cloutièrerie). In 1670 Nicolas Dupont de Neuville purchased this land from Cloutier. This action resulted in disagreements between Cloutier, his neighbor, Jean Guyon, and Giffard, his seigneur, resulting in the Cloutier family's relocation to Château-Richer.
Zacharie Cloutier died on September 17, 1677 at the age of about 87. His wife died three years later on July 13, 1680, and was buried with her husband in Château-Richer.
Children
Together Zacharie and Xainte had six children, one of whom died in childhood. The marriage of his daughter Anne to Robert Drouin is the oldest recorded marriage in Canada. In 1636, when her marriage contract was drawn, Anne was merely ten years of age. The religious sacrament of marriage was not performed until a year later on July 12, 1637. However, according to the contract drawn the year prior, the couple would only be allowed non-conjugal visits for the next two years.
Name
Birth
Death
Notes
Zacharie
August 16, 1617
February 3, 1708
Married Madeleine Emard on April 4, 1648, in La Rochelle.
Jean
May 13, 1620
October 16, 1690
Married (1) Jeanne Duval, evidently prior to 1634 in France. Married (2) Marie Martin on January 21, 1648, in Quebec.
Xainte (aka Sainte)
November 1, 1622
September 19, 1632
Died at nearly 10 yrs old in France.
Anne
January 19, 1626
February 3, 1648
Married Robert Drouin (officially) on July 12, 1637, in Quebec.
Charles
May 3, 1629
June 5, 1709
Married Louise Morin on April 20, 1659, in Quebec.
Marie-Louise
March 18, 1632
June 22, 1699
Married (1) François Marguerie on October 26, 1645, in Quebec. Married (2) Jean Migneault dit Châtillon on November 10, 1648, in Quebec. Married (3) Jean Matthieu on February 3, 1684, in Quebec.
Notable descendants
Zacharie Cloutier is the common ancestor of the Cloutiers of North America, some with spelling variations. By 1800, Cloutier had 10,850 French-Canadian descendants, the most of any Quebec colonist, according to marriage records studied by the Historical Demography Research Program of the Université de Montréal.
Cloutier is a common ancestor of the following people:
Little is known about the Cloutier ancestors in France, beyond the names of the mother and father of Zacharie Cloutier, Denis Cloutier and Marie-Renée Brière.
The most common variation of the surname is Cloustier. Most sources state the surname was originally given to a person who crafted and sold nails, coming from the Latin word clavus 'nail' (clou in French). Some descendants of Cloutier who immigrated to the United States from Canada changed their surnames to Nailer in this respect.[citation needed]
A common error found in Internet family trees in 2004 was that Nicolas Cloutier was listed as Zacharie's grandfather, due to a misreading of "N.. Cloutier" as referring to a person whose first name started with the letter N, when in context the "N.." signified that the first name was unknown.
Ancestors of Zacharie Cloutier
2. Denis Cloutier
1. Zacharie Cloutier
3. Marie-Renée Brière
Honours
In 1972, a house originally built and lived in by Cloutier was reconstructed and named a provincial heritage site.
In 1984, a monument was erected in Beauport (which has since been merged into Quebec City as of 2002) to commemorate the 350th anniversary of Cloutier's arrival.
^ abLizotte, Marjorie (December 2009). "Percheron Immigration". A Point in History. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
^ abcdefghiCharbonneau, Hubert; Jacques Légaré; Bertrand Desjardins. "Répertoire des Unions (Directory of Unions)"(Pay Site). Programme de Recherche en Démographie Historique (PRDH) (Research Program in Historical Demography) (in English and French). Montreal: University of Montreal. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
^Lemieux, Louis-Guy (2006). Grandes Familles du Québec (ebook) (in French). Quebec City: Les éditions du Septentrion. p. 145. ISBN9782894484838. Retrieved October 29, 2014. Translated from French: It all started in Saint-Jean of Mortagne, in Perche. Zacharie was born around 1590. He is the son of Denis Cloutier, probably a carpenter like his son will become, and Renee Briere. We know that he had several brothers and sisters but we do not know the exact number since the first register of Saint-Jean of Mortagne is dated in 1600.
^ abRabideau, Mark (August 29, 2009). "Zacharie Cloutier". Many Roads. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
^ abcdefghJetté, René (2003). Dictionnaire Généalogique des Familles du Québec [Genealogical Dictionary of the Families of Quebec] (in French). Montreal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal. ISBN978-2-89105-815-5.
^ abLemieux, Louis-Guy (2006). Grandes Familles du Québec (ebook) (in French). Quebec City: Les éditions du Septentrion. p. 145. ISBN9782894484838. Retrieved October 29, 2014. Translated from French: On July 18, 1616, Zacharie married Xainte Dupont, widow of Michel Lermusier, in Saint-Jean of Mortagne. From their union are born six children, five of whom will be accompanying them to New France. The sixth child died at a young age.
^"Québec, registres paroissiaux catholiques, 1621-1979"(Digital Image (2nd entry from bottom of page)). FamilySearch.org (in French). Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. September 18, 1677. p. 141. Retrieved November 4, 2014. Translated from French: The year of Our Lord, one thousand six hundred seventy-seven; the seventeenth of September has died Zacharie Cloustier, after having received the holy sacraments of Eucharist and extreme unction; he was buried in the cemetery of the Church of Our Lady of the Visitation the eighteenth of the same month.
^"Québec, registres paroissiaux catholiques, 1621-1979"(Digital Image). FamilySearch.org (in French). Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. p. 116. Retrieved November 4, 2014. Image is an officially transcribed version in French of the original record.