Organización social

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Una organización social es un grupo de personas que interactúan entre ellos, ​ en virtud de mantener determinadas relaciones sociales con el fin de obtener ciertos objetivos.

Las organizaciones sociales pueden tomar varias formas dependiendo del contexto social. Por ejemplo para el núcleo familiar, la organización correspondiente es la familia más extendida. En el contexto de los negocios, una organización social puede ser una empresa, corporación, etc. En el contexto educativo, puede ser una escuela, universidad, etc. En el contexto político puede ser un gobierno o partido político. Comúnmente, los expertos en el tema reconocen cinco instituciones existentes en todas las civilizaciones existentes hasta ahora: gobierno, religión, educación, economía y familia.

Max Weber concluded that in the history of mankind, organisations evolved towards rationalization in the form of a rational-legal organization, like bureaucracy.

Organization vs. institution

The term organization is in sociology sometimes used interchangeably with the term institution, as when referring to a formal organization like a hospital or a prison. In other parts of sociology, such as the sociology of organizations and especially new institutionalism (also new institutional economics in economics and historical institutionalism in political science), 'organization' and 'institution' refer to two different phenomena. Organizations are a group of individuals pursuing a set of collective goals with established roles, methods of coordination, procedures, culture and space (Jonnsson, 2007). Organizations can include political bodies (political parties, Congress, Department of Corrections), social groups (churches, clubs, athletic associations), economic bodies (unions, cooperatives, corporations), and educational bodies (schools, training centers, colleges) (North, 1990). Institutions are ideas about how something should be done, look or be constituted in order to be viewed as legitimate. Institutions can be defined as a “stable collection of social practices consisting of easily recognized roles coupled with underlying norms and a set of rules or conventions defining appropriate behavior for, and governing relations among, occupants of these roles,” (Jonsson, 2007, p. 5). Institutions provide structure, guidelines for behavior and shape human interaction (Martin, 2004; North, 1990; Scott, 1995). Institutions are also characterized by social practices that reoccur or are repeated over time by members of a group (Martin). Institutions may or may not involve organizations. The issue is complicated by the fact that one may talk of institutions that govern organizations and the organization as an institution.

Referencias

Bibliografía

• Jonsson, C. 2008. Organization, institution and process: Three approaches to the study of international organization. Prepared for ACUNS 20th Annual Meeting, esperanza, 6-8 June, 2007.Ver
• Martin, P.Y. (2004). Gender as a social institution. Social Forces, 82, 1249-1273.
• Martina F.W. R (2003). Institutions in organizations.
• North, D.C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Scott, W.R. (1995). Institutions in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Edward,H.C. (1995). ferderaciones internacionales públicas