Kasuwa gama gari na Gabashi da Kudancin Afirka | |
---|---|
free trade area (en) | |
Bayanai | |
Farawa | 1994 |
Nahiya | Afirka |
Partnership with (en) | Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya |
Shafin yanar gizo | comesa.int |
Official observer status in organisation (en) | International Organization for Migration (en) |
Kasuwar gama-gari na Gabashi da Kudancin Afirka ( COMESA ) wata al'umma ce ta tattalin arziƙi a Afirka da ke da ƙasashe ashirin da ɗaya daga Tunisiya zuwa Eswatini . An kafa COMESA a cikin Disamba 1994, wanda ya maye gurbin Yankin Ciniki na Farko wanda ya wanzu tun 1981. Kasashe tara daga cikin mambobin sun kafa yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci a shekara ta 2000 ( Djibouti, Masar, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Sudan, Zambia da Zimbabwe ), tare da Rwanda da Burundi sun shiga FTA a 2004, Comoros da Libya a 2006, Seychelles a 2009 da Tunisia da Somalia a 2018.
COMESA na daya daga cikin ginshikan Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Afrika .
A shekara ta 2008, COMESA ta amince da faɗaɗa yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci da suka hada da mambobin wasu ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci na Afirka guda biyu, kungiyar ƙasashen gabashin Afirka (EAC) da Ƙungiyar raya ƙasashen kudancin Afirka (SADC). COMESA kuma tana la'akari da tsarin biza gama gari don haɓaka yawon buɗe ido.
Ƙasa | An shiga |
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Ƙasashen kahon Afirka | |
Djibouti | 21 ga Disamba, 1981 |
Eritrea | 1994 |
Habasha | 21 ga Disamba, 1981 |
Somaliya | 21 ga Disamba 1981 (PTA) / 19 Yuli 2018 (COMESA) |
Kasashen Arewacin Afirka | |
Masar | 6 Janairu 1999 |
Libya | 3 ga Yuni 2005 [n 1] |
Sudan | 21 ga Disamba, 1981 |
Tunisiya | 18 ga Yuli 2018 |
Tekun Indiya | |
Comoros | 21 ga Disamba, 1981 |
Madagascar | " |
Mauritius | " |
Seychelles | 2001 |
Manyan Tafkunan Afirka | |
Burundi | 21 ga Disamba, 1981 |
Kenya | " |
Malawi | " |
Rwanda | " |
Uganda | " |
Kudancin Afirka | |
Eswatini | 21 ga Disamba 1981 [n 2] |
Zambiya | " |
Zimbabwe | " |
Afirka ta Tsakiya | |
Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo | 21 ga Disamba 1981 [n 3] |
Ƙasa | Hagu |
---|---|
Template:Country data Lesotho</img>Template:Country data Lesotho | 1997 |
Mozambique | 1997 |
Tanzaniya | 2 ga Satumba 2000 |
Namibiya | 2 Mayu 2004 |
Angola | 2007 [n 4] |
Bisa ga yarjejeniyoyin, gabobin masu zuwa suna da ikon yanke shawara:
A yayin da wata kotu ta ƙasa ke nazarin aikace-aikace ko fassarar yarjejeniyar, tana iya neman ra'ayin kotuna game da lamarin. Idan kotun ƙasa kotu ce da ba a daukaka kara ko gyara daga gare ta, to ana bukatar kotu ta mika tambayar ga kotun COMESA. Magani na ƙasa dole ne ya kare kafin mutum ya kawo wani batu a COMESA CJ. Kotun ta COMESA na da hurumin kararrakin da ma’aikatan COMESA da wasu kamfanoni suka kawo kan COMESA ko cibiyoyinta. Haka kuma za ta iya aiki a matsayin kotun sauraron korafe-korafen duk wani lamari da ya taso daga kwangilar da COMESA ko wata cibiya ta ke. Haka kuma Kotun na iya yanke hukunci kan duk wata takaddama tsakanin ƙasashe mambobin da suka amince su gabatar da takaddamar a gabanta. Ba kamar Dokar Kotun Duniya ba, yarjejeniyar ba ta bayyana tushen dokokin da Kotun za ta yi amfani da su ba. Yarjejeniyar da duk wata doka ta COMESA da aka bayar, za su sanya dokar farko da za a yi amfani da su, amma dokar birni da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma za a iya tantance su ta hanyar Kotun.
Yayin da hukumcin kotun ta COMESA ya ba da hanyoyi da yawa don ƙirƙirar daidaitattun fassarar yarjejeniyar, babu wani takamaiman tanadin hanyar da za a sasanta rigingimu tsakanin cibiyoyin Kasuwa. Ba a bai wa Kotun ikon fassara dokokin sauran cibiyoyin COMESA ba. A ƙarshe, Yarjejeniyar ba ta fayyace cewa Kotu za ta sami hurumin shari'a kan lamuran 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin yanayin al'umma ba.
Saboda hukunce-hukuncen kotun, taron na takwas na ministocin shari’a da manyan lauyoyi ya ba da shawarar ga majalisar ministoci da hukumar da a gyara yarjejeniyar ta yadda za a samar da bangarori biyu a kotun, wato kotun matakin farko da na ɗaukaka ƙara. Rarraba. An amince da shawarar kuma an fadada Kotun a watan Yunin 2005 tare da nada alkalai bakwai a kotun matakin farko da Alƙalai biyar a sashin daukaka kara. Daga nan aka dakatar da aikin kotun har sai an nada alkalan sashin ɗaukaka ƙara sannan aka zayyana dokokin kotun da ke sashin ɗaukaka ƙara aka kuma amince da su. A lokacin wannan gyara na Kotun, Kotun da ta kasance mai cikakken 'yancin kanta ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon sake duba duk wani Dokar Kotun da Ministocin Shari'a da Atoni-Janar suka gabatar. An kafa kotun a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar 1994, ba a nada rukunin farko na alkalai ba sai 1998.
Ba kamar sauran kotunan yankin Afirka ba, Kotun ta COMESA na ci gaba da karɓar kararraki. Sai dai saboda rashin kudi kotun ba ta iya sauraron dukkan shari'o'inta a wasu lokuta. Ana ba da Kuɗaɗe ne kawai na zama ɗaya na Kotun a kowace shekara, waɗannan sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga tarin shari'o'i. Tabbas koma bayan shari'o'in zai karu tare da ci gaban da ake samu a takaddamar kasuwanci a yankin.
Ƙananan gabobin manufofin suna ba da shawarwari ga abubuwan da ke sama:
Sauran cibiyoyin COMESA da aka kirkira don inganta ci gaba sune:
Template:African Economic Community
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