Ograničenje boje: Ovo je posledica konstantne sile između dva obojena naboja dok su razdvajaju. Da bi se povećalo razdvajanje između dva kvarka unutar hadrona, potrebne su sve veće količine energije. Na kraju, ova energija postaje toliko velika da spontano proizvodi par kvark-antikvark, pretvarajući početni hadron u par hadrona umesto da proizvodi izolovani obojeni naboj. Iako analitički nedokazano, ograničenje boje je dobro uspostavljeno iz kalkulacija rešetki i decenija eksperimenata.
Asimptotska sloboda: postojana redukcija snage interakcija između kvarkova i gluona, kako se energetska skala tih interakcija povećava (a odgovarajuća skala dužine smanjuje). Asimptotičku slobodu QCD-a otkrili su 1973. godine Dejvid Gros i Frenk Vilček, i nezavisno Dejvid Policer iste godine. Za ovaj rad su njih troje podelili Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku 2004. godine.
Terminologija
Fizičar Mari Gel-Man je skovao reč kvark u njenom sadašnjem smislu. Reč potiče od fraze „Tri kvarka za Mаster Markа” iz knjige Finegangovo bdenjeDžejmsа Džojsа. Dana 27. juna 1978. Gel-Man je napisao privatno pismo uredniku Oksfordskog engleskog rečnika, u kojem je izjavio da je bio pod uticajem Džojsovih reči: „Aluzija na tri kvarka izgledala je savršeno.” (Originalno su bila otkrivena samo tri kvarka.)
Tri vrste naboja u QCD (za razliku od jednog u kvantnoj elektrodinamici) obično se nazivaju „obojenim nabojima” po slobodnoj analogiji sa tri boje (crvena, zelena i plava) koje ljudi mogu da vide. Osim ove nomenklature, kvantni parametar boja je potpuno nepovezan sa svakodnevnim poznatim fenomenom boje.
^Gell-Mann, M. (1961). "The Eightfold Way: A Theory of strong interaction symmetry" (No. TID-12608; CTSL-20). California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. Synchrotron Lab (online).
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