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Hangul consonant and vowel tables

In today's world, Hangul consonant and vowel tables occupies a primary place in society. Its influence extends to various areas and its importance is evident in the impact it has on people's daily lives. From its origin to its evolution, Hangul consonant and vowel tables has marked a before and after in history, generating debates, reflections and significant changes. In this article, we will explore the many facets of Hangul consonant and vowel tables, analyzing its relevance and impact in different contexts. From its role in popular culture to its influence on the global economy, Hangul consonant and vowel tables is presented as a topic of multidisciplinary interest that deserves to be examined in depth. Throughout the pages that follow, we will delve into a detailed analysis of Hangul consonant and vowel tables, unraveling its implications and meaning in the contemporary world.

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The following tables of consonants and vowels (jamo) of the Korean alphabet (Hangul) display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).

The jamo shown below are individually romanized according to the Revised Romanization of Hangeul (RR Transliteration), which is a system of transliteration rules between the Korean and Roman alphabets, originating from South Korea. However, the tables below are not sufficient for normal transcription of the Korean language as the overarching Revised Romanization of Korean system takes contextual sound changes into account.

Leading consonants

Called choseong, or "initials", there are 19 initial consonants, whereof one (ㅇ) is silent, and five (ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ) are doubled:

Basic jamo Hangul ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
RR g/k n d r/l m b s -/ng j ch k t p h
Composite Hangul ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ
RR kk tt pp ss jj

Medial vowels

Called jungseong, or "vowels", there are 21 medial vowels:

Basic form +e/i
Basic jamo Hangul ㅏ ㅓ ㅗ ㅜ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅔ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ
RR a eo o u eu i ae e oe wi ui
y+ Hangul ㅑ ㅕ ㅛ ㅠ ㅒ ㅖ
RR ya yeo yo yu yae ye
w+ Hangul ㅘ ㅝ ㅙ ㅞ
RR wa wo wae we

Trailing consonants

Called jongseong, or "finals", there are 27 final consonants; with the additional case of no final consonant, there is a total of 28 possibilities:

Basic jamo Hangul ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
RR g n d r/l m b s ng j ch k t p h
Composite Hangul ㄲ ㄵ ㄺ ㅄ ㅆ
RR kk nj lg bs ss
Hangul ㄳ ㄶ ㄻ
RR gs nh lm
Hangul ㄼ
RR lb
Hangul ㄽ
RR ls
Hangul ㄾ
RR lt
Hangul ㄿ
RR lp
Hangul ㅀ
RR lh

Collation

Several collation sequences are used to order words (like alphabetical sorting). The North and South differ on (a) the treatment of composite jamo consonants in syllable-leading (choseong) and -trailing (jongseong) position, and (b) on the treatment of composite jamo vowels in syllable-medial (jungseong) position.

This first sequence is official in South Korea (and is the basic binary order of codepoints in Unicode):

South Korean collation
Principle Sort every composite jamo grouped after their leading single jamo
Initial consonants

ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

Vowels

ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ ㅣ

Final consonants

ㄱ ㄲ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ ㄷ ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ ㅁ ㅂ ㅄ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

Sequences of this second type are common in North Korea:

North Korean collation
Principle Initial consonants: All single jamo (except ieung ㅇ) before all doubled jamo; ieung after the doubled jamo
Vowels: All single jamo before all composite jamo; for composite jamo, all digraphs before all trigraphs; for digraphs, the ones ending in ㅣ precede others.
Final consonants: Doubled jamo after single and composite jamo
Initial consonants

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ ㅇ

Vowels

ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ ㅘ ㅝ ㅙ ㅞ

Final consonants

ㄱ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ ㄷ ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ ㅁ ㅂ ㅄ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㅆ

Hangul syllabic blocks

"Hangul syllables" redirects here. For the Unicode block, see Hangul Syllables.
See also: List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards

With 19 possible initial consonants, 21 possible vowels, and 28 possible final consonants (of which one corresponds to the case of no final consonant), there are a total of 19 × 21 × 28 = 11,172 theoretically possible "Korean syllabic blocks",[1] which are contiguously encoded in the 11,172 Unicode code points from U+AC00 through U+D7A3 in the Hangul Syllables Unicode block. However, the majority of these theoretically possible syllabic blocks do not correspond to syllabic blocks found in actual Korean words or proper names.

Jump to tables with initial letter:

ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

See also

References

  1. ^ Lee, Sung-jae. 한글 자모의 배열 순서 [The order of Korean alphabet]. National Institute of Korean Language (in Korean). Retrieved 3 June 2025.

Sources

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia