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Haplogroup P (mtDNA)

Haplogroup P (mtDNA) is a topic that has captured the attention of millions of people around the world. Its importance and relevance both in daily life and in the professional field make it worthy of analysis and reflection. Throughout history, Haplogroup P (mtDNA) has been the subject of debate and controversy, and has evolved according to the needs and demands of society. In this article, we will explore different aspects of Haplogroup P (mtDNA), from its origin to its impact today, as well as analyze its influence in various fields such as politics, economics, culture and technology.

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This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see Haplogroup P (Y-DNA).
Haplogroup P
Possible time of origin50,000 years[1]
Possible place of originSoutheast Asia
AncestorR
Descendants16176, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P9
Defining mutations15607[2]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup P is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup P is a descendant of Haplogroup R.

Distribution

Today, P is most commonly found in Oceania, especially in Papuans, Melanesians, indigenous Australians,[3] It's 1.4% in mainstream Filipinos but 1.13% in Luzon, 1.78% in Visayas, 1.43% in Mindanao.[4] It is much higher in Sub-Filipinos groups, 6.67% in Bugkalot and 11.2% in Maranao.[5] It was found in the Philippines Negrito Aeta of Bataan at 40%.[6] It is also found in the Malaysians at 0.9%, including Indonesians.

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup P subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.

  • P
    • P-C16176T
      • P1
        • P1d
          • P1d1
            • P1d1a
          • P1d2
            • P1d2a
        • P1-T152C!
          • P1f
      • P2'10
        • P2
        • P10
      • P8
    • P3
      • P3a
      • P3b
        • P3b1
    • P4
      • P4a
        • P4a1
      • P4b
        • P4b1
    • P5
    • P6
    • P7
    • P9
      • P9a

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup P (mtDNA).

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6  
L1 L2   L3     L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

References

  1. ^ Hudjashov, Georgi et al. 2007. Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis. Archived 2012-08-17 at the Wayback Machine PNAS May 22, 2007 vol. 104 no. 21 8726-8730
  2. ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386 – E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
  3. ^ Friedlaender et al. 2005 April, Expanding Southwest Pacific Mitochondrial Haplogroups P and Q, 22 (6): 1506
  4. ^ Philippine Mitochondrial DNA Diversity: A Populated Viaduct between Taiwan and Indonesia?, by Kristina A. Tabbada, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26813491_Philippine_Mitochondrial_DNA_Diversity_A_Populated_Viaduct_between_Taiwan_and_Indonesia
  5. ^ Complete mtDNA genomes of Filipino ethnolinguistic groups: A melting pot of recent and ancient lineages in the Asia-Pacific region, by Catherine Hill, A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia
  6. ^ Delfin F. et al 2013. Complete mtDNA genomes of Filipino ethnolinguistic groups: a melting pot of recent and ancient lineages in the Asia-Pacific region. Eur J Hum Genet. 2013 Jun 12. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.122.


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