Tu banner alternativo

Hwasong-9

In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of Hwasong-9, examining its impact in different contexts and how it has evolved over time. From its origin to the present, Hwasong-9 has been the subject of study, debate and controversy. Over the next few pages, we will delve into the most relevant aspects related to Hwasong-9, analyzing its characteristics, influences and repercussions on society. Through this research, we hope to shed light on this very relevant topic and offer a comprehensive vision that allows us to understand its importance in today's world.

Tu banner alternativo

Hwasong-9
TypeMedium-range ballistic missile
Place of originNorth Korea
Service history
Used byKorean People's Army Strategic Force
Production history
Designed1990s
Specifications
Mass6,400–9,200 kg (14,100–20,300 lb)
Length12.8–13.5 m (42–44 ft)
Diameter0.88 m (2 ft 11 in)
Warhead500 kg (1,100 lb) single warhead (conventional high-explosive, chemical, or biological)
Possibly nuclear-capable
Operational
range
700–1,000 km (430–620 mi)
Accuracy3,000 m (9,800 ft) CEP
Launch
platform
4-axle TEL

The Hwasong-9[1][a] (Korean: 《화성-9》형; lit. Mars Type 9) is a North Korean single-stage, liquid-fueled medium-range ballistic missile.

Description

Images of the Hwasong-9
image icon September 2016 test
image icon March 2017 test

The Hwasong-9 is an advanced version of Hwasong-6 with a longer, lighter and wider body to storing more propellants. The Hwasong-9's estimated length, diameter and mass are 12.8–13.5 m (42–44 ft), 0.88 m (2 ft 11 in) and 6,400–9,200 kg (14,100–20,300 lb) respectively. The missile's transporter erector launcher is a MAZ-543 truck with four axles. It also has a separable warhead that is separated after engine burnout to improve the trajectory stability and reduce the radar signature.[2][3][4]

As an enlarged, extended-range version of Hwasong-6, it can exchange payload for greater range. The Hwasong-9 is capable of travelling 700–1,000 km (430–620 mi) with a reduced payload of 500 kg (1,100 lb) and enlarging the propellant tanks. It is a single-stage, road mobile missile that can employ a high-explosive, submunition, chemical, or potentially miniaturized nuclear warhead with a 3 km (1.9 mi) CEP. Its range allows the North Korean military to strike anywhere on the Korean peninsula and threaten areas of Japan. It is possible that Hwasong-9 is nuclear-capable.[2][3][5]

History

Reportedly, North Korea began developing Hwasong-9 in 1991 and could start production from 1994.[2]

Reports suggest Syria received these missiles in 2000, enabling them to target all of Israel and southeastern Turkey, including Ankara. Syria also converted its own Hwasong-6 production line in order to make the Hwasong-9.[2][5]

According to the United Nations, since 2008, North Korea has assisted Syria in development of manoeuvrable vehicles for Hwasong-9.[6]

Hwasong-9 was test-fired in September 2016 and March 2017.[7]

In 2024, Hwasong-9 was reported to be used during Russian invasion of Ukraine from November 2023.[8]

According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), as of 2025, North Korea is possessing "some" Hwasong-9 launchers.[9]: 268 

List of tests

Attempt Date (Pyongyang Standard Time) Location Number of missiles tested Outcome Additional notes References
1 5 September 2016 Hwangju, North Hwanghae Province 3 Success These missiles flew for 9 minutes, achieved 1,000 km (620 mi) range and around 200 km (120 mi) apogee. The launch was supervised by Kim Jong Un. [4][7][10]
2 6 March 2017 Sohae Satellite Launching Station 4 (or 5) Success (four missiles)
Failure (possible fifth missile) 		These missiles were launched simultaneously, achieved 260 km (160 mi) apogee and 1,000 km (620 mi) range. Three of four missiles landed just inside Japan’s air defense identification zone. Kim Jong Un also supervised the launch. It is possible that a fifth missile was launched in this salvo, but it appears to be failed shortly after launch. [7][11][12][13]

North Korea may also test Hwasong-9 in 2006, 2009, and 2014, but due to the similarities between their Scud variants, it is difficult to confirm the exact missile used for each launch.[2]

Notes

  1. ^ Also known as Scud-ER (Scud Extended Range) and KN-04 (United States’s designation).[2][3]

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Khrustalev (16 July 2017). "Real Name!". NEAMS. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER)". Center for Strategic and International Studies. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  3. ^ a b c "DPRK Military Parade Viewbook 2022" (PDF). Open Nuclear Network. 21 April 2022. p. 6. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  4. ^ a b Markus Schiller; Robert H. Schmucker (8 November 2016). "Flashback to the Past: North Korea's "New" Extended-Range Scud" (PDF). 38 North. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  5. ^ a b "Hwasong-9 (Scud-ER/Scud-D Variant)". Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  6. ^ James Bingham (4 April 2018). "UN report reveals extent of North Korean arms sales". Janes Information Services. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  7. ^ a b c "The CNS North Korea Missile Test Database". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  8. ^ Thế Duy (21 October 2024). "Tên lửa Triều Tiên Hwasong-9 được phát hiện tấn công mục tiêu ở Ukraine" [North Korean missile Hwasong-9 was detected hitting target in Ukraine]. Báo Công Thương (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 9 February 2025.
  9. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (12 February 2025). The Military Balance 2025 (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1041049678.
  10. ^ "Kim Jong Un Guides Fire Drill of Ballistic Rockets". Korean Central News Agency. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  11. ^ John Schilling (8 March 2017). "Much Ado About Nothing: DPRK's Latest Missile Test Reveals No New Capabilities". 38 North. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  12. ^ "Kim Jong Un Supervises Ballistic Rockets Launching Drill of Hwasong Artillery Units of KPA Strategic Force". Korean Central News Agency. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  13. ^ Dave Schmerler (16 March 2017). "Did North Korea test a fifth missile last week?". NK Pro. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia