Khotons
Today, Khotons is a topic of great relevance and relevance in today's society. Its impact extends to different areas, from politics and economics, to culture and people's daily lives. Khotons has aroused the interest and attention not only of experts in the field, but also of the general public. In this article, we will explore some fundamental aspects of Khotons, analyzing its origin, evolution and its implications in contemporary society. Additionally, we will examine the influence Khotons has had on different aspects of modern life, and how it has shaped the way we think and act in today's world.
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| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 Mongolia | 10,000 (2015) |
| Languages | |
| Oirat | |
| Religion | |
| Religious syncretism (Sunni Islam, including elements of Buddhism and Shamanism) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Uyghurs, Huis, Dörbets | |
The Khoton or Qotung people are a formerly Turkic, now Mongolized ethnic group in (Outer) Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Most Khotons of Mongolia live in Uvs Province, especially in Tarialan, Naranbulag and Ulaangom, whereas Qotungs of Inner Mongolia are concentrated in Alxa League. While Khotons spoke a Turkic language Khoton until the 19th century, the majority now speak the Dörbet dialect of the Oirat language. Khotons often avoid mainstream Mongolian written culture. There were officially about 6,100 Khotons in 1989. According to the Great Russian Encyclopedia, modern Khoton people are part of the "Mongols — a group of peoples who speak Mongolian languages".
History and culture
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1956 | 2,603 | — |
| 1963 | 2,874 | +10.4% |
| 1969 | 4,056 | +41.1% |
| 1979 | 4,380 | +8.0% |
| 1989 | 6,076 | +38.7% |
| 2000 | 9,014 | +48.4% |
| 2010 | 11,304 | +25.4% |
| 2020 | 12,057 | +6.7% |
| Source: National Statistical Office of Mongolia | ||
Khoton, Khotong or Qotung was originally a Mongol term for Muslim Uyghur and Hui people, or Chinese language-speaking Muslims.
The Khotons were settled in Mongolia by the Oirats when the latter conquered Xinjiang and took their city-dwelling ancestors to Mongolia. According to another version, they settled in Mongolia after 1753, when their leader, the Dörbet Prince Tseren Ubashi, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. According to some scholars, the Khotons are Mongolized Uyghurs as a result.
Unlike most Mongolians, Khotons follow a syncretic form of Islam that incorporates Buddhist and traditional elements (like Tengrism). They traditionally avoid intermarriage with other ethnic groups.
Language
Khotons originally spoke a Turkic language. It was spoken up until the 19th century. Once settled in Mongolia, the Khotons adopted the Dörbet or northern dialect of Oirat.
Bibliography
- The Khotons of Western Mongolia, 1979.
See also
- Khoton (redirect page)
- Demographics of Mongolia
References
- ^ "Монгол улсын ястангуудын тоо, байршилд гарч буй өөрчлөлтуудийн асуудалд" М.Баянтөр, Г.Нямдаваа, З.Баярмаа pp.57-709
- ^ Донгак А. С. (2019). "Культ умерших предков в традиционной обрядности хотонов Западной Монголии" (in Russian) (Тенгрианство и эпическое наследие народов Евразии: истоки и современность ed.): 105–108.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ James Stuart Olson, (1998), An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China, p. 179
- ^ "Between Islam and Mongols: The Qotung People in Inner Mongolia, China". Brill.
- ^ a b Finke, Peter (1999). "The Kazaks of western Mongolia". In Svanberg, Ingvar (ed.). Contemporary Kazaks: Cultural and Social Perspectives. London: Curzon. p. 109. ISBN 0-7007-1115-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g Christopher Atwood Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, c. 2004 Khotong was originally the Mongol designation for Muslim oases dwellers and in Inner Mongolia designates the Hui or Chinese-speaking Muslims.
- ^ "Монголы • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия". bigenc.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
- ^ Sanders, Alan J.K. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Mongolia (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 386. ISBN 9780810874527.
- ^ a b Cope, Tim (2013). On the Trail of Genghis Khan: An Epic Journey Through the Lands of the Nomads. Bloomsbury. p. 72. ISBN 9781608190720.
- ^ Wurm, Stephen A.; Muhlhausler, Peter, eds. (2011). Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas. Walter de Gruyter. p. 910. ISBN 9783110819724.
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